J. I. Craig 
77 
and Giza the difference is still more marked. Further, if the composition of the 
Cairene population is remembered (p. 68), the index for natives of the city must 
be still more increased, and the brachycephaly becomes more significant. If the 
population has been for some time composed as it now is, the cephalic index of 
native Cairenes must be corrected to 75 - 87 + 0 , 85 or 76'72, but the assumption 
made here is doubtful. The same tendency to relative brachycephaly is to be 
observed in the Canal Governorship, but the difference between the indices for 
this district and Daqahlia is not so significant as in the other cases. This perhaps 
is not to be wondered at, seeing how largely the towns of Port Said and Ismailia 
are the products of comparatively recent colonization, and that 17 per cent, of the 
present population of this district and probably at least 35 per cent, of the whole 
originally are from Daqahlia. The difference from Sharqia, which also adjoins the 
Canal district, but contributes much more sparsely to its population, is much more 
marked (0'79 + 0-21). 
2. The dwellers in towns are very markedly shorter in the arms than the 
rural populations. This holds for all four towns dealt with here. The difference 
is probably to be accounted for by the large amount of hard work, much of it 
lifting of water on to the land, that the fellahin undergo. This lengthening of 
the cubit increases towards the South, where the manual labour of cultivation is 
heaviest, but it may be connected with increase of negro blood. 
3. There is some justification for the usual division of Egypt into Upper 
and Lower, as far as cephalic index goes. The cephalic indices for the six 
mudirias of the latter lie between 7521 and 75"G9, the weighted mean being 7531. 
For Upper Egypt (excluding Aswan as being inhabited by a race largely com- 
posed of Barabra) the index varies between 7424 and 74"75, with a weighted 
mean 7451. The gap between the highest of the one and the lowest of the other 
is 0'46 + 014, which is probably significant. 
4. There is a slight increase of stature in moving from east to west across 
the Delta, and also a slight but less clearly marked increase in moving south- 
ward. The former may be due to an infusion of Bedawi blood, which is said to 
be more common in the east, and the latter has been attributed to an increased 
infusion of negro blood. There is not any sharp division between Upper and 
Lower Egypt. 
5. The people of Upper Egypt are on the whole bigger boned than those 
of Lower Egypt. The former have longer but narrower heads, longer fingers, 
longer feet, and longer forearms, than the latter. 
6. The measurements made by Professor Myers give distinct evidence of 
the selection already mentioned, as may be seen from the following comparative 
tables : 
