264 
A Study of Pygmy Crania, based on Skulls found in Egypt 
In addition to the above it has been possible through the kindness of Dr Deny 
to procure measurements and photographs of two small specimens of other 
periods. 
Plates XVIII and XIX show a specimen of the Wood-Jones collection (L 2/63). 
This is a small female with a wisdom tooth erupted, but not yet quite in position 
in the mandible. This skull was taken from a cemetery of Christian period, 
on the Island of Hesa, to the south of the Asswan dam. 
Plates XX and XXI show the skull of a small female (L 98/90 B) which 
has had the wisdom teeth in position. This was found by Dr Derry in a grave 
of Ptolemaic-Roman period at Dakka (70 kilometres south of Asswan on the left 
bank of the Nile), and, of this specimen, the pelvis has also fortunately been 
preserved. Plates XXII — XXIV show the pelvic bones in comparison with those 
of a female of normal size. It will be seen to be very much smaller than the latter, 
thus indicating a marked degree of correspondence between size of the skull and 
the probable size of the body. 
A table of the series of measurements which it is customary to take in the 
Biometric Laboratory is given on p. 265, and in this table are included the 
measurements taken on the above crania, in the order of their notice above, and 
also, for purposes of comparison, as many of the corresponding measurements 
on Akka skulls, and Andamanese as were given by the late Sir W. H. Flower in 
his paper (" Description of Two Skeletons of Akkas, a Pygmy race from Central 
Africa," Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Vol. xvill. 1888). The measure- 
ments of a typical female of normal size from the collection of third dynasty 
specimens are also given. It was hoped that the measurements taken on living 
Akkas by Prof. Elliot Smith ("Notes on African Pygmies," Lancet, Aug. 12, 1905), 
might also have been included, but, on investigation, it was found that the 
methods by which these were taken are hardly comparable, and certain of these 
measurements as printed appeared to be obviously in error. Unfortunately also 
the condition of the skulls lent by Dr Derry did not admit of the estimation 
of their capacity by the method of measurement with mustard seed, and E 919 
was also too fragile for this. 
It will be seen from the indices that the third dynasty specimens do not show 
prognathism, being for the most part orthognathous while two specimens are 
mesognathous. The specimen procured by Dr Derry at Dakka shows a very high 
degree of prognathism while the Hesa specimen is mesognathous. The Akka 
specimens have both been estimated as prognathous, but the Andamanese are 
mesognathous. 
Similarly the majority of the third dynasty specimens fall into the mesati- 
cephalic group, only one small, metopic, specimen, and the specimen of normal size 
being brachycephalic, while both the Dakka and Hesa specimens are brachycephalic. 
The male Akka is dolichocephalic, and the female is mesaticephalic, while the 
Andamanese are brachycephalic. With regard to the orbital index there is less 
