R. Crewdson Benington 
305 
for the capacities of these races*; they may like the Aino have a very consider- 
able capacity, or the bone of the cranium may be thicker than that of Europeans. 
Another extremely interesting point is a comparison of the development of 
the various sections of the sagittal arc. We can unfortunately only compare the 
Moorfields English with the Congo and Gaboon series, where alone these measure- 
ments have been made. We have : 
Male 
Female 
English 
Congo 
Gaboon, 
1864 
Gaboon, 
1880 
English 
Congo 
Gaboon, 
1864 
Gaboon, 
1880 
Nasion to Bregma... 
Bregma to Lambda... 
Lambda to Opisthion 
Chord of latter 
129-5 
128-5 
120-5 
98-0 
125-5 
128-5 
107-5 
95-0 
126-5 
128-5 
109-0 
96-0 
129-5 
127-0 
114-0 
100-0 
125-5 
123-5 
117-0 
96-0 
121-0 
120-0 
109-5 
96-0 
121-5 
123-0 
106-0 
93-0 
121-0 
120-5 
106-5 
94-0 
Occipital Index 
58-5 
68-8 
68-3 
66-3 
59-2 
67-0 
69-2 
69-4 | 
1 
Now the peculiarity of these results is that the English have only slightly 
more arcual length between nasion and bregma or bregma and lambda than the 
three negro groups, but the arc from lambda to opisthion is much larger in the 
English skull ; that is to say the occipital part is much more markedly developed. 
The measure of this is well seen in the occipital index, the ratio of the radius 
of curvature of the occipital arc to the chord from lambda to opisthion, a low 
occipital index meaning a well-developed occiput. Clearly the occiput is far more 
developed in the English than in the negro crania — the difference in the occipital 
indices being very significant. 
In the upper face height G'H, there is little to differentiate Negro and European, 
for though the Germans (Wurtemberger and Bavarians) stand at the top, the 
English and French (68 to 70) are almost identical with Zulus, Kaffirs and 
Angonis. Only the Congo and Gaboon crania come at the bottom, following 
closely the Naqadaf. 
* The known capacities (in cm 3 .) are as follows : 
6 
? 
6 
? 
Bavarian 
1504 
1336 
Naqada 
1381 
1288 
Wurtemberger 
1494 
1337 
Gaboon, 1880 
1447 
1240 
English, Whitechapel 
1477 
1300 
Gaboon, 1864 
1381 
1232 
English, Moorfields... 
1474 
1365 
Copts ... 
1356 
1214 
French 
1473 
Northern Negro 
1348 
Aino ... 
1462 
1308 
Congo ... 
1344 
1206 
These results place the European 100 cms. above the negro who is comparable with the prehistoric 
and modem Egyptians. But as I have said we cannot generalise until the Kaffir and Zulu capacities 
are found. 
t The same remarks apply to the bi-zygomatic breadth, J, which appears in no way as an essentially 
negroid character. 
Biometrika vm 39 
