310 A Study of the Negro Sfadl 
Measurements of the Palate. 
G 2 
100G 2 /<?i 
6 
o 
■* 
0 
o 
¥ 
0 
o 
Congo 
50-3 
50-2 
38-9 
35-9 
76-8 
70-8 
Gaboon, 1864 
52-1 
50-1 
39-5 
37-4 
76-1 
74-8 
Northern Negroes 
53-1 
39-7 
74-8 
English (Moorfields)... 
53-0 
50-0 
39-7 
37-0 
74-9 
74-1 
Bavarian 
44-3? 
42-2? 
33-2? 
32-1? 
74-4? 
76-0? 
Wurtemberger 
51-7 
50-2 
38-1 
37-2 
74-2 
74-6 
French 
50-2 
37-2 
74-1 
Zulu 
52-0 
37-9 
73-1 
Theban Mummies ... 
56-2 
52-1 
40-8 
38-7 
72-6 
74-3 
Aino ... 
53-0 
51-4 
38-2 
37-4 
72-1 
72-8 
Naqada 
55-8 
53-9 
40-3 
38-9 
71-9 
72-3 
Kaffir 
52-1 
37-2 
71-6 
English (Whitechapel) 
53-2 
49-1 
36-8 
35-2 
69-2 
7T2 
Angoni 
'. 
51-9 
35-8 
69-1 
Some explanation, is requisite as to the manner in which this table has been 
reached. G 1 is defined in the Frankfurt Concordat as the palate length measured 
from point of the spina nasalis posterior to the inner wall of the alveolar rim between 
the mesial incisors. The inconvenience of this definition is obvious, the alveolar 
rim is often worn away between the mesial incisors and the spine is often broken 
off so that the measurement cannot be made. In the series of the above table 
attempts were made to measure G x as thus defined in the Naqada, Congo and 
Gaboon 1864 series*. The measurements themselves suggest that it was actually 
used in determining the Wurtemberger, Aino, Zulu, Kaffir and Angoni series. 
Macdonell in his two English series, which were much worn, measured his G x from 
an imaginary surface tangential to the inner alveolar surfaces of the mesial 
incisors, as suggested by E. Schmidt (see Biometrika, Vol. I. p. 429). This for the 
Naqada crania made a difference of 4 9 and 4'0 mm. for and % respectively. 
As the best approximation available these have been added to Macdonell's values 
of G 1 for the two English series. With a view of using crania with broken spines, 
Schmidt suggests that the palate shall be measured from the base of the spine. 
This appears to have been done in the French and Northern Negro series. The 
average length of the spine in the European male (English) is 36 and in the 
Negro male (Gaboon, 1864) 3'7 mm. ; these values have therefore been added 
respectively to the French and Northern negro series. In the Theban mummies 
as already indicated (Biometrika, Vol. I. p. 430) both terminations of the palate 
length have been modified in Schmidt's sense and accordingly (loc. cit.) 9'9 mm. 
has to be added to G l in the male and 8 - 0 mm. in the female. Finally the 
Bavarian measurements seem to have been made mi generis and 6r 2 is clearly 
* The Gaboon 1880 series only provided seven male and nine female crania for the palate index and 
has been disregarded. 
