R. Crewdson Benington 
313 
Oi 
0-> 
100 Oi/0 2 
6 
42- 0 
43- 0 
? 
? 
6 
? 
English (Moorfields) ... 
English ( Whitechapel) 
40- 9 
41- 1 
32- 8 
33- 4 
32- 7 
33- 7 
77-9 
77-8 
80-0 
82-1 
Congo ... 
Gaboon, 1864 
Gaboon, 1880 
40- 8 
41- 5 
42- 1 
40-9 
39 6 
40-1 
34- 6 
35- 0 
35-2 
335 
33 7 
34-1 
84-9 
84-6 
83-7 
81-9 
85-2 
85-2 
These results suggest that the Congo-Gaboon type of negro is certainly not 
broader in the orbit than the European English, but the orbit, especially in the 
male, appears to be sensibly higher and thus the general appearance of the orbit 
will be rounder. I think this confirms the impression which arises from photo- 
graphs of these negroes. Possibly the greater development of the superciliary 
ridges in the English male will account for some of the difference, which is more 
marked in the males than in the females. 
In the following table the best has been done to correct divergent measure- 
ments. The one measurement which is fairly reliable is the height of the orbit 
and it is extraordinary how little is the racial variation. In the female the racial 
differences do not cover more than about 2 mm. and in the male about 3 mm. 
Even the breadth of orbit has really a small range, about 3 mm. for either sex, if 
we can trust our corrected values. An appreciation of this limited variability will 
show how essential it is to restrict all personal equation within a fraction of a 
millimetre, and how hopeless it is to compare measurements which are not exactly 
standardised. 
Measurements on the Orbit. (Corrected.) 
o, 
0 2 
100 Oi/0 2 
6 
? 
<? 
? 
6 
? 
Congo ... 
37-9 
38-2 
34-6 
33 5 
91-3 
87-7 
Gaboon, 1864 
38-6 
36-9 
35-0 
33 7 
90-9 
91-3 
Gaboon, 1880 
39-2 
37-4 
35-2 
34-1 
89-8 
91-9 
Angoni 
38-0 
33 3 
88-1 
Northern Negro 
39 '6 
34-2 
87-2 
French 
38-2 
33-3 
87-3 
Theban Mummies ... 
38-1 
37-0 
33-0 
32 3 
86-5 
89-8 
Wiirtemberger 
39-8 
38-0 
34-1 
32-2 
85-9 
85-1 
Zulu : 
38-7 
33-2 
85-8 
Kaffir 
39-8 
34-0 
85-5 
Copts ... 
38-2 
36 9 
32-5 
32-5 
85-2 
86-7 
Aino ... 
40-9 
39-8 
34-9 
33-9 
85 '3 
85-2 
Naqada 
38-1 
37-2 
32 3 
32-0 
84-8 
86-0 
Bavarian 
39-9 
38-3 
33-7 
33-2 
84-5 
86-6 
English (Moorfields) ... 
39-1 
38-2 
32-8 
32-7 
83-9 
85-6 
English (Whitechapel) 
40-1 
38-4 
33-4 
33-7 
83 3 
87-9 
Bioraetrika viii 
40 
