336 
A Study of the Negro Skull 
the occipital index and sensibly the case in the nasal index, and in nasal height. 
Even in 'chin height' the variability of the Gaboon series in either sex exceeds 
the variability of the English, rendered as it is heterogeneous and therefore 
exaggeratedly variable by grouping both sexes together. It seems to me therefore 
that in the characteristic negro features, lack of occipital development, lack of 
chin height and low nasal index, the Negro is markedly more variable than the 
European. Accordingly the suggestion can be made that the European and not 
the Negro has been developed b}' a more stringent selection in these respects 
from an original prototype. 
(viii) It has been sometimes suggested that the Negro is incapable of 
development, for he is less variable than the European. This, as far as physical 
cranial characters are concerned, is not the fact — he is at least as variable as the 
European, if not more so. The statement must not be interpreted as meaning 
more than that the Congo-Gaboon group presents as wide a range for the working 
of natural selection as the European group ; it does not signify that a few years of 
European education or civilised environment could convert the Negro cranium 
physically or develop it mentally into an instrument equivalent to the European 
cranium. Physically the European selection has been the work of long centuries, 
and the thoughtful anthropologist will hardly doubt that mental characters take 
as long to develop as the physical. But the point is an important one — the 
Congo-Gaboon group is not one of a stringently selected nature; it appears to have 
something of the wide variability of a non-differentiated race. It is the European 
races which suggest stringent selection with regard to these peculiarly negroid 
characters. 
C. D. Fawcett in comparing modern North African Negroes with the primitive 
Egyptian Naqadas found that in many respects the Naqadas were nearer to 
European races than to this negro group, which the present investigation shows 
to be closer to the Kaffir-Zulu than to the Congo-Gaboon group. But now that 
the latter group has been investigated we find that it stands between the Egyptian 
group and the full-blooded Negroes. Roughly the links are : 
Europeans Kaffir-Zulus 
I I 
Egyptians Congo-Gaboon Group 
Further we see that the Egyptians and the Congo-Gaboon Negroes are more 
closely allied than Europeans as a whole or Kaffir-Zulus as a whole to the pre- 
historic and primitive races — even to such widely separated primitive races as the 
Long Barrow folk and the Aino. It is not suggested that Europeans have 
developed under selection from a race of the Egyptian type or Kaffirs and Zulus 
from a race of the Congo-Gaboon type ; but the suggestion is made that the 
Egyptian and Congo-Gaboon types are possibly lower branches of the respective 
stems which link European and Negro together through some trunk type in itself 
closely related to our prehistoric and primitive races. Roughly the scheme 
suggested is of the kind : 
