R. Orewdson Benington 
337 
Ancestral races on the main stems, as at x, y z, y z', may be at present unknown. 
There may be many more branches to the main stems, and there are undoubtedly 
several other main stems, but the Congo-Gaboon crania serve a useful purpose 
in definitely linking up Egyptian and negroid crania, and thus in ultimately 
associating the Negro races with the European. If European and Egyptian admit 
of a common ancestry, the differentiation of Egyptian and Congo-Gaboon is no 
greater, and from the latter to the Kaffir-Zulu is in no sense a wider step ; 
thus we no longer need to question a common ancestry for Negro and Caucasian, 
or to suppose a double origin for man. If in some respects the Kaffir-Zulu 
is closer to the European than the Congo-Gaboon group, this may be attributed 
to the development from y to z being to some extent similar to that from y to z . 
European and Kaffir may be far apart horizontally on the tree, but vertically 
their divergence maybe less. In mere length of head the Zulu-Kaffir is closer to 
the European than the Congoese, but no one who studies carefully the tables given 
in this paper will believe the liuk lies otherwise than from Zulu-Kaffir to Congo- 
Gaboon, and from Congo- Gaboon to Egyptian, and Egyptian to European. 
The main purpose of this memoir was stated to be one of suggestion ; to 
suggest how much more extensive material is needed and how crying is the need 
for standardisation in the measurement of it when procured. If the hypothesis of 
this concluding section be contradicted by the careful measurement of larger 
series, this memoir will still have served most effectively its purpose for it will 
have led to a recognition of the need for longer series. And no more ambitious 
purpose ever occurred to the mind of Dr Crewdson Benington himself when 
he started at my suggestion the measurement of the few available crania from 
the Gaboon and Congo, than this one of indicating how suggestive the study of 
the negro skull is, and how incomplete it must remain, until more ample material 
is available. 
Biometrika vm 43 
