360 Pigmentation, Selection and Anthropometric Characters 
groups were taken from the census of 1900 as given for London, and a calculation 
was then made on the basis of the number of cases notified among boys relative 
to the population totals thus obtained to find the expected number of cases 
among the girls relative to the population of that sex. The following figures 
give the cases actual and expected obtained in this way : 
Scarlet Fever. 
Age of case 
s notified ... 
0—5 
5—10 
10—15 
Number of 
cases. 
Boys, actual 
2,040 
2,312 
1,116 
» 
H 
Girls, actual 
2,009 
2,803 
1,285 
., expected 
2,038 
2,311 
1,138 
Diphth 
eria. 
Age of cases notified ... 
0—5 
5—10 
10—15 
Number of 
cases. 
Boys, actual 
2,322 
1,782 
607 
>> 
Girls, actual 
2,218 
2,075 
759 
7) 
V 
,, expected 
2,320 
1,800 
618 
The incidence rate, therefore, in the case of these two diseases is not the same 
in the two sexes. Up to five years of age the incidence is nearly equal ; if any- 
thing, the boys are attacked rather more often. But in the older age groups, the 
difference is most marked. The girls have both diseases far more often than the 
boys. 
Secondly as to the death rate ; — the following figures are taken from the 
Registrar General's Annual Report : 
Annual Death Rate per Million living from 1861 — 1900. 
Diphtheria. 
Ages ... 0—5 5—10 10—15 
Boys ... 827 396 94 
Girls ... 821 499 131 
Scarlet Fever. 
Boys ... 2,734 1,225 254 
Girls ... 2,596 1,190 278 
Whooping Cough. 
Boys ... 3,145 102 4 
Girls ... 3,805 154 7 
Measles. 
Boys ... 3,092 225 21 
Girls ... 2,890 247 24 
Before we discuss the bearing of these figures on the problem, it will be of 
assistance to look at the following Table : 
