32G 
Miscellanea 
(5) The results so far reached enable us to test the degree of stability of our scale. If that 
scale is a reasonable one, the range of the " Robust " category ought to come out with reasonable 
sameness when measured in sanitaces for the different populations. We find : 
TABLE IV. 
Range of Robust for Various Populations. 
Fathers of Sons : 
66-80 
sa. 
Fathers of Daughters : 
67-02 
sa. 
Sons of Fathers : 
74-80 
sa. 
Sons of Mothers : 
76-95 
sa. 
Mothers of Sons : 
79-61 
sa. 
Mothers of Daughters : 
77-52 
sa. 
Daughters of Fathers : 
81-54 
sa. 
Daughters of Mothers : 
82-47 
sa. 
It will, we think, be clear from these results that the terms employed in our categories have 
been used in rather different senses when applied to males and females, and when applied to 
the younger and older generation. If we assume " Normal Health " to be the same for all types, 
then the category " Robust " has been used in a wider sense for women than for men, and in a 
wider sense for the younger than the older generation. Nor does this seem unreasonable when 
we compare ordinary practice, in which undoubtedly a different health scale is applied to men 
and women, and to old and young. As we have seen there is on an average a lower state of 
health in women than in men and we are apt to judge by deviation from the average rather 
than by absolute condition. Again the average health of the older generation is higher than 
that of the younger, and one is rather apt to compare the health of the offspring with that 
of the parent instead of applying an absolute standard to both. Anyhow without laying much 
stress on the reasons for the personal equation, it is probable that judgment does differ in the 
matter of health according as we are dealing- with man or woman, and with the old or young 
generation. 
Speaking in quite round numbers we may say that the range of our " Robust " in women, 
regardless of whether they are parents or not, is about 80 sanitaces and this is almost equal to 
the standard deviation of their health (mean of four populations 81 -4 sa.). In the case of men 
of every status, the range (71'39 sa.) of the " Robust " is slightly less than the standard deviation 
(74 - 7 sa.), but for many purposes it may be sufficient to consider both as 75 sanitaces. We 
have no means of ascertaining the absolute health in sanitaces of any individual, but if we were 
to assume 300 sanitaces as the stock of an individual on the border of " Normal Health " and 
" Robustness," the average man would have about 292 and the average woman about 273 units of 
health ; one woman in a thousand would have less than 29 units of health, and one man less 
than 67. The "Very Robust" man would be a man with more than 371 units and the "Very 
Robust" woman would be a woman with more than 380 units. Finally one man and one 
woman also in a thousand would have more than 517 units of health. Thus while the most 
robust men and women in the thousand are of the same calibre, the most delicate woman 
has less health than the most delicate man, — a result possibly of the more stringent death- 
rate ; a man needs more health to survive at all. Of course these results are purely suggestive, 
but they flow with some probability from the lower average health of women and their greater 
variability. We should not desire to place any great weight on them. Other data for different 
age groups and social classes will be discussed later, and then it will be more possible to propose 
with greater certitude a definite health scale. 
(6) Looked at from the average environment of the professional classes, there can be little 
doubt that our diagrams indicate that general health is a hereditary character ; but we have of 
