H. 8. Stannus 
337 
body ; they are always of the lanugo type and generally so small as to pass un- 
noticed but they will be seen to be of a lighter colour, golden to brown, and are 
quite distinct from the curled "woolly" hairs of the body skin. 
There is another type of skin pigmentation for which a class has to be made. 
I refer to cases which with a light brown skin colour, not red and not yellow, and 
light hazel irides, have hair of a dirty yellow colour but with no red tinge in it. 
Some of these cases have photophobia and nystagmus pointing to deficient 
pigment in the eye. Typical cases form a well-marked group though I shall 
later show there are no absolute distinctions to be made between any of the 
groups or classes and that intermediate cases are met with all along the line. 
This last class is characterised by the fact that at birth the skin and hair are 
practically^ white but that slow darkening has occurred. The same may have 
been true of the irides but native observation upon which I have had to depend 
mostly in these cases has not been sufficiently good to remark this point. 
These cases resemble the remarkable case of Dr Ascherson's referred to by 
Graves and quoted by Pearson, and are, I think, akin to those described by the 
same author as occurring in Papuans and elsewhere, in which the skin is darker 
than in the first form (ordinary typical albino) and in which nystagmus may or 
may not be present, where freckling is absent or at any rate not conspicuous, 
while the hair is tow coloured. Similar cases have been reported from Malay. 
I have considered above albinism of various degrees but always affecting the 
whole of the skin, hair and eyes, that is to say cases of complete and incomplete 
albinism. It now remains to deal with the condition in which the affection is 
limited in extent, what is termed Partial Albinism. According to the extent of 
the albinotic characters this class is sub-divided by Pearson into Piebalds and 
Spotlings ; the leucosis may be complete or incomplete. 
It is therefore a difficult matter when considering cases to be sure under 
which category any particular one should be placed. Some doubt was entertained 
as to the existence of Piebalds until quite recently, when Seligmann's Papuan case, 
Gilbert Smith's English case and a family I have described from Nyasaland 
established the undoubted existence of Piebaldism. Persons showing a much less 
extensive area affected, often a single patch, have been conveniently called 
Spotlings and such are not uncommon in Nyasaland. It is to be noted that the 
area or areas affected tend to be the same in different cases. In Piebalds the 
belly and chest are involved and often associated with a flare on the scalp and 
"garter" or "stocking" markings. In Spotlings this arrangement and extent may 
be wanting. The various members of the Nyasaland family will be seen to 
present intermediate forms. This distinction into two groups is warranted by 
the fact that in a number of cases where the affection is inherited the tyqDe is 
preserved. 
The resemblance of the Nyasaland Piebald family to Bishop Harman's family 
is worthy of note, and it has been suggested that such cases of human piebaldism 
