H. S. Stannus 
341 
with light flaxen hairs semicurved, which, on microscopical examination, were 
found to contain no pigment granules. The hair on the head is very light flaxen 
colour, whisker areas covered with curved hairs. Eyelashes a golden brown colour, 
microscopically, no granular pigment in hairs*. Eyes: vision good in moderate 
light and pupils black, nystagmus present, red reflex present with artificial 
illumination. Irides, peripherally slaty-blue, round the pupil a light brown. 
The tongue has a bifid extremity. Teeth : two upper front incisors large, with 
serrated edges; all the front teeth above are spaced. 
The child presents a fairly typical appearance of Class I save for the partial 
pigmentation of the irides, and on this account it must be considered as an inter- 
mediate between I and II. I am not sure whether the presence of the warts is of 
any significance ; as far as I know, they have not been previously reported as 
specially associated with albinism. Note character of tongue and teeth. 
Case 6*4. Pingo of Ghitalu, Lvwonde, seen Zomba 18th August, 1910. Pedigree, 
Plate XXI, Fig. 2. 
The parents, aunts and uncles of this case (II 3) and remoter members of the 
family are said to have been ordinarily dark-skinned natives. A cousin, a child of 
a maternal aunt, now dead, is stated to have been an albino. The eldest (II 1) 
of the family, of which Pingo is the second born, was albino, but is now dead ; one 
other brother and three sisters normally black. Pingo is married to a normally 
dark native woman, who has had three children by him, all living and all dark. 
Pingo (see Plate XIX (26) and (27)) is a man of 25 years of age. The skin 
of that part of the body covered by the loin-cloth is still very white, resembling 
the white skin of a European, and is soft and unaltered. The rest of the body 
shows changes in the skin of varying degree, the skin of legs being less affected 
than elsewhere; it is rough, harsh, scaly, cracked and creased with sunburns and 
superficial ulcerations; the skin is badly kept and dirty. There is hair all over 
the body and limbs, of a light straw colour; eyelashes, thick but ill-formed, are of 
a rather dark yellow colour. 
Scattered over chest, abdomen, back, arms and neck, and also on the face 
are a number of areas from one third to one and a quarter inches in diameter, 
exhibiting a series of changes, giving the appearance of being of the nature of a 
pigmented atrophy; pari passu with the colouration, which commences as a light 
yellow colour, there is apparently an atrophy of skin substance, the final result 
being a black depressed spot, irregular in outline and with a brownish tinge at the 
edges, thrown into relief by the pinkish dirty white colour of the rest of the skin. 
Hair, a dirty straw colour, thick. Irides, a light opaque brown ; lateral nystagmus 
present, but little photophobia. Pupils in daylight black. With artificial light, 
a red reflex is obtained, the fundus appearing a lightish red. 
* The microscopical preparations of hairs in all cases referred to were made by Miss E. Y. Thomson, 
of the Biometric Laboratory, with the kind permission of Professor Karl Pearson. 
Biometrika ix 44 
