H. S. Stannus 
343 
masses of cells containing granules beyond. To the other side of the section, the 
transition is accomplished in 0'2 mm. This particular pigmented spot of skin 
was but very slightly depressed below the general skin surface, and though it is 
but a single observation I think the changes described would probably be found in 
all examples of the condition. 
This is I believe the first time a " freckle " from a negro albino has been 
submitted to microscopical examination and it would be unwise to draw conclusions 
from this single observation. 
Case Co. Chibiuana of Ghikala. July, 1910. Pedigree, Plate XXI, Fig. 4. 
Mother and father and two brothers and a sister all normally dark-skinned. 
The maternal great-grandmother had said there was an albino in the family 
ancestry. 
Chibwana (see Plate XVIII (24)), a boy aged 4J years (1910), has a dry cracked 
skin the same colour as a fair European; pigmented patches are gradually appearing 
on the face, also but less marked on chest and back and less still on the limbs. 
These patches are irregular in outline, black or dark brown in the centre, and a 
lighter brown at the periphery, but they are not depressed. Hair on head reaches 
to eyebrows, there is hair also on the cheeks, back, arms and legs, with little on 
chest, semicurved and white ; on microscopical examination, it is found to be 
devoid of granular pigment. Eyelashes long and curled, of slightly yellower tint 
than hair on scalp. Irides, olive green with buff yellow pigment ring round 
periphery ; pupil, not quite circular in outline, appears black in daylight. Lateral 
nystagmus present. On ophthalmoscopic examination a red reflex is obtained 
through the pupil, none through iris ; fundus pink as in European. 
I think in this case we see an early stage of the condition found in Pingo, 
which may progress until a condition similar to Ng'ombe is reached. 
Case G 6. Tom of Chifiras Village, Bandaive, W. Nyasa. Pedigree, Plate 
XXI, Fig. 8. 
The mother and father, former dead, were both of average colour. No history 
of albinism in the more remote ancestry. The first three children were albinos 
but were killed at birth according to custom among the Atonga. The fourth 
child was allowed to live owing to more civilised ideas of the chief, but died at the 
age of 15 years. 
Tom, the last born, a boy aged 14 years (1909) is mentioned in the Monograph 
and a photograph by Dr Robertson there reproduced (Plate PP (142)), but the 
history of the case is not given*. The skin of non-exposed parts is a pinkish 
white colour, elsewhere it shows sun-tanning and also a considerable degree of 
spotty pigmentation, the colour being not a brown to black, as seen in other cases, 
but a golden yellow like ordinary freckling in a European. Irides a light hazel 
* [Given as Fig. 648 in Part IV of the Monograph. Dr Robertson states that there were two 
normal siblings and does not mention the dead albinos. Ed.] 
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