396 A Study of the Nasal Bridge in the Anthropoid Apes 
with the possible exception of Dr Derry's classifications, the judgment in sexing 
has not been influenced by nasal characters*. 
While it appears to us that the difference of sexing will not be greater than 
that of two small samples of the same race and less probably than the difference of 
measurement of two different craniologists, we have still to answer the important 
question of how far the same craniologist will repeat results in the case of these 
delicate nasal measurements. We are able to make some interesting comparisons 
from this standpoint. K. V. Ryley made her first measurements of the nose on the 
Whitechapel, Egyptian, Congo and Gaboon series in the summer of 1911 for use in 
the paper on the negro skull {Biometrika, Vol. VIII. p. 316). She was then new to 
these particular measurements, and before the second series were made she had 
nearly a year's practice on a great variety of races. In the English Whitechapel 
series 13 crania measured in one series (1911) are not in the other series (1912), 
that is to say one quarter of the crania are not the same in the two series. These 
13 crania of the first series were originally Museum specimens, i.e. skulls having 
some abnormality (other than nasal), or remarkable feature, and placed in the 
Auatomical Museum for exhibition. It was thought better to exclude these 
individuals in the second series and replace them by more normal examples. 
Thus the divergencies between the A (1911) and B (1912) English series are not 
solely due to personal equation. The Congo and Gaboon 1864 series are practically 
the same crania for A and B as nearly every skull which was measurable was 
measured on each occasion. 
The two Egyptian series are not the same crania, for they consisted of the 
100 crania of the series of 1800 skulls, which were being otherwise measured at 
the time when these nasal measurements were taken. Thus we may conclude 
that the Congo and Gaboon 1864 series represent changes due to the same 
measurer repeating operations at the beginning and end of a period during which 
experience was growing and methods being standardised ; the Egyptian series 
represent this variation in the measurer together with the difference between 
random samples ; and the English series represent not only the variation due to 
the measurer, but further the effect of modifying by 25 0 / o the actual sample 
* Dr Derry does give weight to nasal features in sexing, but if we examine the results in Table I 
from this standpoint, we have 
Difference of male and female, i.e. 3 — ¥ . 
Professor 
Dr Derry 
a 
m i 
a 
«0 
m S 
Thane 
71 
6-1 
9-6 
111 
9-2 
8-9 
139 
10-2 
It will be clear from these results that Dr Derry used the mesodacryal indices, i.e. the entire bridge 
of the nose, rather than the nasal bones in his sexual appreciation ; for he has a less sexual difference 
in the simotic index than Professor Thane, while he has greater values in the mesodacryal indices. 
As a matter of fact the sexual differences in the Nubians seem to us of such an exaggerated character, 
that we venture to suggest that the females may have been captives and thus may be more definitely 
negresses, with whom their indices accord, than the males were negroes; the males being possibly a 
conquering race. 
