Kathleen V. Ryley and Julia Bell 
405 
the individual cases are the same for a and fi. On the whole it is the lower races 
for which the female has the greater value, aud the higher races — in the scale 
of civilisation — for which the male has the greater value. Thus the mesodacryal 
index appears more of a racial and less of a sexual character than the simotic 
index. Roughly also the two sexes give nearly the same racial order, especially if 
we regard the large probable errors (see Table VIII, p. 403) of some of our results. 
Looked at in broad outline we have the nose of the Gorilla closely associated with 
that of the Negro, and the Negro lies between the Chimpanzee and the Asiatic 
races. At the bottom of the scale we have the Orang-utans closest of all to the 
Veddahs, who lie between the Orang-utans and the higher races, so far as such 
are provided by these measurements*. On the whole the racial scale of the 
mesodacryal indices seems far more suggestive than that of the simotic index, 
where the Gorilla is widely separated from the Negro, and is divided from the 
Veddahs by English, Hindoos and Egyptians^. We believe that a measure of 
the mesodacryal index is likely to be of as much value as the determination of 
the simotic index, possibly of greater value. 
(5) On the Absolute Nasal Measurements. 
We are doubtful as to what if any stress can be laid on the absolute 
measurements. Merejkowsky, however, cites the absolute values of the simotic 
subtenses and it is of interest to compare our results with his. This is done in 
Table X. It will be seen that for Negroes, Malays and " White races" our results 
are in fair agreement with Merejkowsky 's ; with his Melanesiau, Polynesian and 
American groups, we have nothing to compare. There is relatively little difference 
in the order between the two sexes, but the actual height of the nasal bones, with 
the one exception of the Borneo crania, is considerably less for the females. This 
smaller value of the simotic subtense in the female is not true for the chord, 
which in Nubians, Egyptians, Gaboon (1864), Gaboon (1880), and Philippine 
Islanders is greater in the female as will be seen in Table XI. There is very 
little we think to be learnt concerning racial differences in either Table X or 
Table XI. 
The races are mixed in a rather meaningless way — at least we have failed to 
find any clue to their order, although in this respect the simotic chord appears 
worse than the simotic subtense. On the whole we believe little of real value 
is to be learnt from the absolute size of the nasal bones. 
* The Gibbons agree with the Orang for the simotic index, but are nearer to the Chimpanzee than to 
the Orang for the mesodacryal index a, while for the arcual index (3 their position, like that of the 
Gorilla, is within the human range. 
t Judged by the mesodacryal indices the Gorilla has a natter nose than any human race, the Negroes 
approaching most closely ; judged by the simotic index the Gorilla has a sharper nose than any human 
race, the English approaching most closely. At any rate from the standpoint of physiognomy, there 
can be no doubt that the mesodacryal indices express better the general visual state of affairs : see, 
however, the contours, pp. 428 — 9. 
Biometrika ix 52 
