W. F. R. Weldon 
245 
of Paris. All these gentlemen have supplied me with quantities of seeds of 
various races, and have spent much time and trouble in answering questions 
concerning them. I gladly take this opportunity of expressing my gratitude 
to all of them, and especially to Messrs Carter and Co., the value of whose help 
will be presently apparent. 
In 1876 Culverwell introduced into the English market a Pea which he 
called Telegraph. This was a hybrid race, and he says that his stock was 
derived from a single cross-fertilised flower. The stock of Telegraph was ulti- 
mately bought by Carter and Co., who found it .so variable that without further 
crossing they produced from it, by simple selection, the four races now known 
as Telephone, Stratagevi, Pride of the Market, and Duke of Albany. These 
four races, together with Telegraph, are still cultivated, and I have examined 
them all. Their history is well known, and is authenticated not only by Carter's 
records, but by letters of Culverwell, and by Laxton (No. 20). Between 1880 
and 1890 Carter and Co. crossed Stratagem with Giant Marrotv, another of 
Culverwell's i-aces ; and the offspring of this cross was introduced into the market 
in 1892 as Daisy. A few years later the race Daisy was crossed with Lightning, 
a Pea which has round, nearly smooth seeds, and yellow cotyledons. The result of 
this cross is known as Early Morn. Culverwell's Giant Marrow is not now easy to 
obtain ; but all the other races referred to are grown commercially, on a large 
scale, and I have examined the characters of their seeds. 
In attempting to judge the results of other observers, including those of 
Mendel himself, I have constantly found it difficult to understand the statements 
made, because of the vagueness of the terms used to describe shape and colour. 
In order to make my own statements about colour as intelligible as may be, I 
selected from a sample of Telephone grown by Carter a series of 18 peas, which 
show, after removal of the seed-coats, a fairly gradual series of transitional colours 
from a deep green to an orange yellow. These seeds were arranged in groups 
of three, so that six colour-groups were formed ; and these groups, numbered 
from one to six, the first being green and the sixth orange-yellow, form a scale 
in terms of which I shall express the colour of all the peas described. The groups 
are represented in Figs. 1 — 6 on Plate I. [Peas of all these colours are 
numerous, as are peas exhibiting the other characters shown on the plate : 
and I shall have much pleasure in sending a replica of the .set from which 
the plate was photographed to any naturalist who may write to me before my 
stock is exhausted.] 
In the same way, I have tried to make my statements about the shape of 
seeds intelligible by means of the photographs reproduced on Plate II.* 
(1) Telegraph was at first very variable, both in shape and in colour, and 
Telephone did not become thoroughly differentiated from it for some years. 
In 1878 the Royal Horticultural Society gave a certificate to Telephone as a 
* Plates I. and II. will be found facing p. 254. 
