C. D. Fawcett 
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(dd) Angle between skull basis and profile length, the basilar angle (B Z ). 
Determined as in (66). 
(ee) Angle between skull basis and the German horizontal plane (^i), the 
basio-nasal horizontal angle. Determined as in (66), with the use of profile 
angle as found by goniometer. 
(^) Angle between profile length and the German horizontal plane (^2), 
the hasio-alveolar horizontal angle. Determined as in (ee). 
Of the six angles, we are inclined to lay most stress on Az, iVz, and B /. . 
We found considerable difficulty in determining the profile angle P Z with 
satisfactory accuracy from the goniometer, and of course a knowledge of 61 and 6^ 
depends on the knowledge of P Z . 
(5) On the Determination of the Capacity. 
We devote a special section to the consideration of the method of determining 
the capacity. In the first place this is admittedly a difficult point even in sound 
skulls; in the next place our skulls were exceedingly fragile, and notwithstanding 
very great care in the handling, more than one came to pieces in the process of 
measurement. Shot of course cannot be used with skulls 7000 to 8000 years old, 
and even sand is dangerous, so that we only used it for a comparatively few crania. 
Again, in many of the crania there was a considerable amount of caked and dry 
desert sand. To extract this by gentle tapping or shaking was an extremely 
difficult process, and a good deal of it was practically unreachable by any other 
method. Rough tapping would of course quicken the extraction, but might easily 
end in the destruction of the skull. In the moving about of the skulls and their 
handling in the course of their six years at University College most of this desert 
sand has, we think, been got rid of but we believe that the smaller values of the 
capacity found by Mr Herbert Thompson for the same skulls, are to some extent, 
but by no means entirely, due to the imperfect elimination of this sand. In the 
next place the difficulty of getting out all the material, sand or seed, placed in 
a fragile skull is very real, and after testing we found it equally satisfactory to 
measure our material before it was put in, and not on removal. Thus complete 
removal of the material from the skull was unnecessary, and a double system of 
shaking on putting in and taking out was avoided. We commenced by filling the 
measuring glass with more material than required for the skull, shaking down and 
reading off. Then we filled the skull, shaking and tapping so far as possible, then 
we measured the comparatively small remainder, shaken down again in the 
measuring glass, and the difference gave the skull capacity. 
In order to test the observer's own agreement with herself thirty skulls were 
measured, using (1) mustard seed, (2) rape seed, and (3) silver sand. The method 
with each material was the same. The results are as follows : 
