422 
Variation and Correlation of the Human Skull 
Personally we would give no greater weight to these results, which took days 
and days of laborious measurement, than we would to the values 1377 and 1255 
obtained in a few minutes from the length, breadth and auricular height by 
Dr Lee's formula*. Nor should we be prepared to admit any difference upon 
which an argument as to race might fairly be based between our measurements 
on the Naqada skulls, Dr Lee's estimate of their capacity, or the values given for 
the capacity of the ancient Egyptians f. We think it reasonable to suppose the 
skull capacity of the male Naqada to have been 1370 — 1380 cm.^ and of the female 
1250—1260 cm.', and that there is no sensible change in capacity between this 
proto-Egyptian race and the Theban people, whose crania are classed as ' mummy 
skulls' at Leipzig. We shall compare these Egyptians in other characters later 
with the Naqada race. 
(6) On the Degree of Homogeneity possessed hy the Naqada Crania. 
It seemed of importance to determine whether our material might fairly be 
treated as homogeneous, and Professor Petrie kindly provided us with a list which 
divided the graves into three classes, namely interments of 80 — 40 S.D., those of 
41 — 69 S.D., and the latest, of 70 — 80 s.D. As many skulls as possible were dated 
roughly from this list, but these were unfortunately a very small proportion of the 
whole number. Professor Petrie tells us that the smaller and poorer graves which 
contained only one or two indistinctive pots were not worth plundering, so that in 
these the skeletons and skulls were found intact. On the other hand the richer 
graves with plenty of good and distinctive pots had nearly all been plundered, and 
the skull had very possibly been destroyed or had perished in the process. Hence 
in very many cases, where the skull was found no dating was possible. 
We selected length and breadth as suitable characters and obtained the 
following results : 
TABLE III. 
Mean L and B for early and late groupings. 
No. 
I 
30—40 S. D. 
No. 
II 
40—80 S. D. 
No. 
III 
Whole Series J 
L 
$ 
13 
184-88 
5 
183-45 
129 
184-64 
L 
? 
23 
177-98 
9 
175-00 
163 
177-08 
B 
13 
131-71 
6 
137-92 
129 
134-82 
B 
? 
21 
129-54 
9 
131-53 
163 
131-31 
* Loc. cit. " mean formula " Table XIX., p. 244. 
+ The more so as the great disproportion of the sexes for the ancient Egyptians suggests that 
certain of the larger ? crania have been sexed as j crania. 
X The results here and in Table IV. were deduced from smaller series than were found ultimately 
available for Tables V. and IX. 
