C. D. Fawcbtt 
429 
One of the worst of such measurements is the palate length Gi. According to 
the original version of the Frankfurt Concordat this was to be measured from the 
point of the spine to the inner wall of the alveolar rim between the middle incisors. 
This is the measurement we attempted to make. We believe it is also the 
measurement attempted by Koganei on the Aino. Now the spine has frequently 
been broken or worn away and accordingly the measurement cannot always be 
made. Hence the Germans have begun to take the palate length from the base 
of the spine, which is not in agreement with their own Concordat. Further, what is 
"the inner wall of the alveolar rim between the middle incisors"? The inner wall 
runs in and almost encircles the teeth and its fine edge is very generally broken in 
on ancient skulls. Accordingly " the inner wall between the middle incisors " has 
recently come to be taken as the mid-point of a line tangential to the tops of tbe 
inner wall on the two incisors*. An examination of the bases of the skulls in our 
photographs will show what a great difference this interpretation of the original 
Concordat makes. The major part of the divergence of for Naqada from G^ for 
the Theban Mummies and modern Egyptians is solel}' due to this change of con- 
vention and not to racial differences. 
Dr W. R. Macdonell has kindly made a series of measurements on this point. 
First he has dealt with the length of spine and finds the following results : 
TABLE VII. 
Length of Spina nasalis ■posterior. 
English Skdlls 
Naqada Skulls 
Number 
Sex 
Mean 
Number 
Sex 
Mean 
19 
(? 
3-55 mm. 
20 
S 
5'05 mm. 
17 
? 
3'19 mm. 
18 
? 
4-00 mm. 
There is thus a very sensible difference between the length of spine in English 
and prehistoric Egyptian skulls, and further the omission or inclusion of the spine 
is a matter in the average of 8 to 5 mm. difference in the measurements. In the 
next place Dr Macdonell undertook a series of measurements (a) from the tip of 
the spine to the inner wall of the alveolar margin between the middle incisors 
and {b) from the tip of the spine to the niveau of the inner alveolar margin on the 
middle incisors. 
* See E. Schmidt: Anthropologische Methoden, S. 238. He takes, however, the "Basis dieser Spina 
nasalis posterior" to be the direction for measurement of tlie Frankfurt Concordat, which is precisely 
opposite to the " Spitze der Spina " in the printed versions of the Concordat kindly provided by 
Professor Kanke. Puither Dr Schmidt prints Basis for the original Spitze in the version of the 
Concordat he gives in an appendix without commenting on the change. 
