430 Variation and Correlation of the Human Skull 
He found for the Naqada skulls : 
Mean difference 20 ^ skulls 4-87 mm. 
18 ? „ 4-02 mm. 
Heuce for the Naqada skulls we have the following results : 
Mean reduction in length of palate due to measuring by E. Schmidt's convention 
instead of in strict accordance with the wording of the Frankfurt Concordat 
= 9'92 mm. for males, and = 8"02 mm. for females. 
Hence to compare our measurements on the Naqada skulls with Schmidt's on 
the Theban Mummies, with those on the modern Egyptians and probably with 
those on the Negroes, we must subtract the above quantities from the mean values 
of G, in Table V. We find : 
TABLE Vin. 
Palate Measurements on Naqada Skulls. 
Length of Palate (Gj) 
Palate Index {IQOGJG^) 
? 
45-88 
45-87 
87-90 
84-74 
Comparing these results with those given in the table it will be seen: first, that 
the chief sexual difference in the Naqada skulls depends upon the length of spine ; 
and secondly, that the palate measurement no longer forms a character by which 
we can definitely distinguish between preliistoric and historic Egyptians. For, the 
breadths of the palate are sensibly the same in both sexes for Naqadas, Thebans 
and Copts. In the lengths we have for males : Naqadas 46, Thebans 46, Copts 47, 
and for females : Naqadas 46, Thebans 44, Copts 46. No weight can safely, con- 
sidering the numbers dealt with, be put on these somewhat irregular slight 
differences, nor on the resulting differences in the palate index. 
Another very questionable measurement is the breadth of the orbit Oj. 
The Frankfurt Concordat runs : " Von der Mitte des medialen Randes der Augen- 
hohle bis zum lateralen Rand der Augenhohle." This reads as if the medial rim 
were a perfectly definite margin which is very rarely the case. E. Schmidt has 
got over the difficulty by taking a more or less definite point for the nasal end of 
the measurement. He writes: " Als Maasspunkt am inneren Rande ist die Stella 
zu wahlen, wo die hintere Kante der Thranengrube oben mit Stirn-Thranenbeinnaht 
zusammentrifft {Point lacrymal der franzosischen Schule)."* 
This is fairly, but not universally definite. But it by no means necessarily 
gives the " grosste Breite des Augenhohleneinganges," whatever that may be, of 
the Frankfurt Concordat. 
* Anthropologische Methoden, S. 236. 
