C. D. Fawcett 
435 
same characters in the other Egyptian series. Comparing the German measure- 
ments we do not find any sensible sexual differences in head, face or nose indices, 
but there are such differences in the orbital and palate indices and in the same 
directions as in the Egyptian series. In the Ainos it is only in brachycephaly 
that the women show sensible difference from the men. Hence we cannot assert 
that the secondary sexual characters of one race are those of all races. 
The platyrrhine character of the nose and the leptostaphyline form of the 
upper jaw together with the values for the auricular height (OH) and the cross- 
circumference (Q) seem not entirely consonant with what Professor Petrie tells us 
of the portraiture* (see p. 412 above). It is possible tliat this portraiture was to 
some extent conventional, or that it in fact gives some other type than the Naqada. 
Still the crania agree with the portraiture in not giving a markedly primitive 
type. There is no trace of " neanderthaloid " skulls in the collection. This is 
more or less confirmed by the probable Naqada stature, which is well above that 
of continental neolithic or palaeolithic man, above the French and South German 
commonality of to-day, just above the English criminal classes and only 2 to 3 cms. 
below the upper-class English. Its neai'est equivalent is the modern Nubian f. 
There is nothing, whatever, which would lead us to believe that we are dealing 
with a markedly primitive type, although occasionally primitive characteristics, 
such as a markedly curved dental arch or strongly emphasised upper temporal 
lines, may be found among the material. A very fair notion of the cranial 
characters in general may be obtained from Plates V — VI, which give typical 
male skulls. Plates VII — VIII which give typical female skulls and Plates IX — X 
which reproduce special features of anatomical or pathological interest;}:. 
These plates, together with the measurements, will enable the reader to confirm 
the views above expi'essed, i.e. (i) that the Naqadas are not a race of markedly 
primitive character, (ii) nor very much nearer to the Negro than the historic 
Egyptians or the Copts of to-day. It will need a far more comprehensive study of 
modern and ancient Negro crania than has yet been made to see in its due propor- 
tions this Negro and Egj^ptian relationship. Meanwhile our study of the skulls 
seems to be in complete agreement with Dr Warren's conclusions as drawn from 
the long bones : 
" Here then in the New Race we have a hardy and vigorous people, as shewn by the pronounced 
pilastre of the femur and the pLatycnemia of the tibia. Just as is observed in so many races, in 
* Prof. Petrie's description of the portraiture undoubtedly seems to refer to a race differing far more 
from the historic Egyptians than the cranial measurements of the Naqadas appear to allow for. 
t Pearson: Phil. Trans. Vol. 192, A, pp. 211 and 243. 
J We owe the photographs from which these plates were prepared to the patience and care of 
Mr D. Radford Sharpe, to whom our most hearty thanks are due. The skulls were placed on cups on a 
horizontal table and the camera vertically above them, and sensibly at the same distance from them 
all. To avoid increasing the very heavy labour — in the dull weather in which it was necessary to 
carry out the work, some exposures required upwards of 30 minutes — two and sometimes three skulls 
were taken on the same plate. This will suffice to explain why the adjustment in some pairs seems 
at fault — the right and left-hand skulls, even if placed truly horizontal, were seen from rather different 
relative standpoints. 
47—2 
