440 Variation and Correlation of the Human Skull 
In the case of both races for palate and profile the females are markedly 
more variable than the males. Further the ancient is here more variable than 
the modern race. 
Lastly we turn to the indices. Here somewhat more material is available ; 
we give now the standard deviations : 
Eace. BIL HjL , HjB 
(? 
? 
? 
? - 
Bavarian* 
3-50 
2-97 
English f 
3-31 
3-37 
Frenchj 
4-43 
4-19 
3-53 
3-67 
4-74 
4-31 
Naqada 
2-80 
312 
2-73 
2-96 
4-73 
4-66 
Egyptian Mummies* 
3-35 
3 36 
Modern Egyptians* 
5-42 
510 
Negroes § 
2-77 
3-52 
Panjabi Low Caste § 
2-98 
3-75 
Aino§ 
2-41 
2-54 
Row Grave Germans^ 
2-28 
2-35 
Clearly the Naqada race has less variability than that of the highly advanced 
modern races, but as much or more than ' primitive ' peoples like the Aino and 
Row Grave Germans. The very wide-spread evidence of increased variation as we 
pass from uncivilised and primitive people may of course be due to increased racial 
admixture as man grows older, or it may, as we believe, be due to less stringent 
dependence for survival on the physical characters in civilised man. But whatever 
its sources it seems fairly manifest in investigations of this kind, and must always 
be borne in mind when we are comparing races at different stages of development 
and at different historical periods. 
For the remaining ratios we have not much comparative data. We note the 
following standard deviations : 
Kace. Upper Face Index. Orbital Index. Nasal Index. 
Bavarian II 
Naqada 
But we see that for both races the woman is less variable in orbital index H and 
slightly more variable in nasal index than the man. 
* Dr Alice Lee: Phil. Trans. Vol. 196, A, pp. 230 and 232. 
t Unpublished values for the Whitechapel skulls deduced by Prof. Pearson. 
X Deduced from Broca's MSS. measurements of the catacomb skulls by C. D. Fawcett. 
§ Pearson : The Chances of Death, Vol. i. pp. 350 — 371, where more data as to the cephalic index 
will be found. 
II Pearson : The Chances of Death, Vol. i. pp. 325—328. 
IT Confirmed by Pearson's reduction of Waischenfeld skulls, see loc. cit. p. 327. 
6 
? 
6 
? 
S 
? 
3-26 
3-33 
6-66 
5-22 
4-43 
4-61 
4-52 
415 
(L. 5-06 
[R. 5-00 
4-57 
4-78 
418 
4-86 
same 
marked 
increased variability in the 
modern 
race 
