466 
Vai'iation and Correlation of the Human Skull 
(12) Appendix of Tables of Cranial measurements. 
The Naqada Crania, as already stated, were brought to England in 1895, and deposited 
at University College, London. Unfortunately the cramped accommodation of that institution 
did not permit of any proper room being appropriated to them in term time. They occupied 
two small lecture rooms while Mr H. Thompson was measuring F, L, B, H and C. They 
were then transferred during vacation time to a gallery of the Anatomical Museum where 
Dr E. Warren was dealing with the skeletons. Thence they passed to the Biological Laboratory, 
where C. D. Fawcett started her work. Changes there involved their being removed to the 
South Library, where they were much in the way of other workers, and finally they were 
deposited in the Instrument Koom of the Department of Applied Mathematics. It is 
necessary to emphasise these points, for they will explain why (i) it has never been convenient 
to have the whole series of skulls out for examination at the same time ; (ii) it has only 
been possible with great labour to reach any individual skull required for re-examination, 
since the boxes had to be stacked in colunms eight or ten high and in rows four or five deep. 
In many cases the skulls had been placed at some time or other by the packers in the wrong 
boxes, and quite a number of skulls or boxes had duplicate numbers. Lastly the whole 
material was (and remains of course) excessively fragile, and the repeated removals, however 
carefully conducted, were very far from desirable. In any case where a skull was known to 
be more perfect when first examined by Mr Thompson, than when the series was last gone 
through in January 1902, the Remarks contain the words "when broken?" 
In the last examination of the whole series, Professor Pearson, with assistance in holding 
two or three fragments together, added several hundreds of measurements to C. D. Fawcett's 
series. Many of these are queried, but the remainder were obtained too late to be included 
in the determination of the statistical constants. Thus 28 additional values of the face-height 
of which only 55 values had been previously taken were found, and some of the other measure- 
ments were increased in the same proportion. They are now available, however, for any later 
com^jarison with other material. 
At the same time Professor Weldon went through the whole series, dealing with probable 
age, sex in some unsettled cases and abnormalities. He further selected types for photographic 
reproduction. A select series was further considered later by Professor G. Thane, who kindly 
described some of their chief anatomical peculiarities. 
But while most hearty thanks are due to Professors Thane and Weldon and also to 
Dr E. Warren for their aid, which has been most generously given whenever asked for, the 
statistical workers at University College must take upon their own shoulders all errors of 
descrijntion and blunders of measurements which occur in these tables. They have done 
their best to reduce them to a minimum, but the magnitude of the .task undertaken, the 
time during which it has been in progress, and the novelty of the attempt — the endeavour 
to apply modern statistical methods for the first time to an original series of craniological 
data — must be some excuse for imperfections which undoubtedly will be found. The main 
object in view has been to indicate the mathematical theory which it will be necessary for 
the craniologist in the future to apply to similar data. 
The following abbreviations have been used in the Remarks. cr. = cranium, i.e. skull 
-(-mandible. cal.=ca?ww?Mm= skull -mandible. f. stands for face. Thus cal. — f. = skull 
— mandible - face bones, or what some Germans write calvaria, the " Hirnkapsel." dome=what 
some Germans write calvaria, or the " Schadeldach " alone. Of course there are different 
stages of all these classes. Thus 'cal. - part f.' means that a portion of the face has disappeared. 
