Ixiv 
APPENDIX. 
Zanfara is said by Labat, to be 50 journies from Tombuctoo.* Leo 
places it between Wangara and Zegzeg j which latter, by the same autho- 
rity, being to the SE of Cano (or Ganat) Zanfara. must necessarily border 
on the NE of Ghana ; having Bornou on tlie east, Agadez and Kassina 
(which we formerly erroneously spelt Cashnah) on the west. Here it may 
be proper to observe, that in the present political division of Africa, Kas- 
sina comprizes generally the provinces between Fezzan and the Niger; 
and that Zanfara is its eastern -boundary. Gf course Ghana, which in the 
;i5th century was paramount in the centre of Africa, is now become a pro- 
vince of Kassina. 
To the south of the line between Ghana and Nubia, very few particulars 
are ktKJwn to Europeans. The knowledge of Edrisi, was limited to this line 
itself; and the only country known 4:o ^him on the south of the Niger, was 
Melli, which he calls Lamle?n. Nor did tlie knowledge of Leo, extend be- 
yond the countries contiguous to the south bank of the Niger ; nor to any 
country west of Tombuctoo ; although by mistake, he places Ghana and 
Melli, there. This may serve to shew, that the people on the north side of 
the Niger, have very litde communication with those, who live beyond the 
great belt of mountains, which runs across Africa, at about the lOth degree. 
Nor did the inquiries of Mr. Beaufoy produce any thing more than the 
names of certain of the adjacent countries ; the orily one of which that can be 
placed, is Begarmee (perhaps the Begama of Edrisi) said to be 20 journies to 
the S E of Bornou, and separated from it by several small deserts.t It seems 
to be the country intended by the Gorham of D'AnviHe. 
K^rorofa and Guber are said in Mr. Beaufoy's MSS. to lie to the west of 
Begarmee; the latter bordering on Wangara. Neither of these, can well be 
in a lower parallel than n'" or 12 degrees. But Darfoor, a country of con- 
siderable extent and population, and apparently the farthest removed of any 
that has a communication with Egypt, is pointed out to our notice by Mr. 
Ledyard, as:has been already shewn.+ 
• Labat, Vol. iii. p. 363. 
f African Association, 1790; Q;, p. 155; O. p. 234. 
X African Association, See Ledyard's Communications, in Af. Assoc. J 790, 179-1. 
