APPENDIX. 
Ixvii 
The place of Melli is occupied, in his description, by Guber (which Mr. 
Beaufoy learnt, was to the south of Wangara) ; whilst that of Ghana remains 
unoccupied ; unless we suppose it to be included in the empire of Tombuc- 
too, which is implied (p. 254), when he speaks of Wangara (Guangara) as 
being troubled on the west by the King of Tombuctoo, and on the east by 
him of Bornou : and as he also speaks of Tombuctoo as the largest empire 
in Nigritia, (p. 4.) 
In the position of Wangara,* he is right; for it lies between Zanfara, and 
Bornou : but he seems not to have known that it was intersected by the Niger, 
and formed of its alluvions, as Edrisi points out to us.t But Leo learnt one 
important particular as a merchant, that the southern quarter of it, produced 
gold, in abundance. As I shall have occasion to speak more fully of this 
country, when the course of the Niger comes under consideration, it will be 
unnecessary to say more of it, in this place. 
Kassina is removed by Leo, from the banks of the Ni^er, its proper situa- 
tion, far inland, to the east of Cano, or Ganat,+ (p. 253.} This is another 
proof of his writing from hearsay. Kassina is not heard of, in Edrisi ; it no 
doubt was included, in Ghana, at that day. 
Leo is silent respecting Tokrur or Tekrur. This appears to have been 
the metropolis of the great central empire of Africaj in the time of Edrisi 
and Abulfeda; and must have existed in later times ; as the Tukorol, to 
whose prince the Portugueze sent an ambassador about the year 1493, may 
be taken for the same place. It may, however, have been swallowed up in 
the empire of Tombuctoo, which was founded after the time of Edrisi, and 
before the date of Leo's writing. But as the city of Tombuctoo gave name 
to the empire, so might Tokrur ; and this latter may have fallen so' much 
to decay, as to be little known in the present times : and this may account 
for Mr, Park's not being able to learn any tidings of it. And finally, as Leo 
had not heard of Houssa, we may conclude that it is a city of a yet later 
•~^Guangara, (Leo.) " f Pages 11, and 12. 
J It lies to the SSW of Agadez. Af. Ass. Q^p. 221 ; O. p. 326. M. D'AnvIUe mis- 
took the Cano of Leo (p. 253.) situated at 500 miles from the Niger, for Ghana. But 
the Gauat of our map, in the road from Fezzan to Agadez, must be meant. 
i 2 
