r 
lx APPENDIX. 
the map is about 1118 G. miles, in an E by N direction, nearly. . Edrisi 
gives a chain of distance between them : and although we cannot ascertain 
the exact bearing of the several parts, yet enough is known, to enable us to 
approximate the general bent of it ; which is to the south • and the degree 
of curvature seems to be such, as to increase the distance 50 or 60 miles; 
say 55, and then the line of Edrisi may be taken at 1173 G. miles* Now 
as he reckons 66 journies, each will be no more than 17^: and his usual 
standard is 19, or i\ more. This difference may easily arise on some of 
the longer portions of the line ; which, although given in the aggregate, 
may be broken into, several parts, and each of them inflected from the other 
in some degree. Such, for instance, may be the case of the line of 30 days 
between Dongola and Kauga; although the bearing of it, on the whole, is 
SW by W, or WSW. Therefore the interval of space between Ghana and 
* The chain of bearings and distances is thus ascertained : Edrisi allows 66 journies 
between Ghana and Dongola : of which 36 are between Ghana and Kauga ; 30 between 
the latter and Dongola (Damokla of Edrisi). Of the thirty-six, eighteen are clearly 
shewn to point eastward ; partly by direct information, partly by the context. For 
Kauga is said to be 10 journies to the east, of Semegonda : (Ed. p. 13 .) and between the 
latter and Sekmara, 8 journies, is about E by S and W by N; as we learn from the 
triangle formed by the points of Sekmara, Semegonda, and Reghebil ; the latter place 
being six days southward from the former, and nine from Semegonda. And lastly, the 
18 journies between Ghana and Sekmara, are checked by the bearing and distance 
between Reghebil and Gbanara ; and the distance between Ghanara and Ghana — (See 
the map). For Reghebil is said (Edrisi, p. 12.) to lie 1 1 journies to the east of Ghanara, 
whilst the latter is also 1 1 journies from Ghana. The context shews, that if Sekmara is 
18 journies from Ghana, and Reghebil 6 days south from Sekmara, whilst Ghanara pre- 
serves the relative position above described, that Sekmara must lie to the eastward of 
Ghana. 
Kauga ought unquestionably to lie to the southward of Dongola, by z\ or 3 degrees. 
For it is 20 journies to the southward of Kuku, which is itself about the parallel of Ta- 
malma, which is 12 journies from Matthan, the capital of Bornou ; northward. And 
this Matthan, as will be shewn presently, lies in the same parallel with Dongola. Thus, 
I may assume, without any great hazard, an easterly bearing between Ghana and Kauga; 
E 25 N between Kauga and Dongola. 
For the authorities for the above particulars, see Edrisi, pages 10, 11, 12, 13. It 
would be almost endless to note each separate authority. 
