xc 
APPENDIX. 
the Niger, are Moorish states, though with the greatest proportion of Negro 
subjects: so that the river may be considered as the boundary of the two 
races in this quarter.* 
Of the countries between Houssa and Kassina we are ignorant. The 
Desert seems to approach very near the river (Niger) in that quarter, whence 
a Moorish population may be inferred. South of the river, we hear of 
Kaffaba, Gago, and other Negro countries ; but without any distinct notices 
of position ; and beyond these, Melli. 
Kassina and Bornou, two great empires on the north of the river, appear 
to divide the largest portion of the remaining space, to the borders of Nubia; 
and extend a great way to the north; this region being composed of Desert 
and habitable country, intermixed ; but perhaps, containing the largest pro- 
portion of the latter. In both these empires, the sovereigns are Mahomedans, 
but the bulk of their subjects are said to adhere to their ancient worship; 
that is to say, the lower orders are, almost universally, Negroes, f 
From what has appeared, perhaps the boundary of Nigritia, as it respects 
the Negro population, may be expressed generally, and with a few excep- 
tions, as follows; beginning from the west, the extent upwards of the navigable 
course of the Senegal river, generally — thence, a line drawn to Silla; from 
Silla to Tombuctoo, Houssa, and Berissa, along the river Niger; and thence 
through Asouda, Kanem, and Kuku, to Dongola, on the Nile. 
Leo, J enumerates 12 states, or kingdoms of Nigritia: but amongst these, 
he includes Gualata, a tract only 300 miles S. of the river Nun : as also, 
Cano (Ganat), adjacent to Fezzan ; and Nubia. Kassina, Bornou, and 
Tombuctoo, are included, of course. § 
* The Emperor of Morocco is said to have held, at one period, the sovereignty of some 
of the countries on the northern banks of the Senegal and Niger rivers. Labat, Vol. iii. 
p. 339, speaks of incursions made by his troops. f Af. Assoc. Q^p. 126 : O p. 191. 
J Page 4. § The Arabs and Moors, call Nigritia by the general name of 
Soudan. By Belad Soudan, or the country of Soudan, Abulfeda includes all the known 
part of Africa, south of the Great Desert, and Egypt. With him, Soudan is the south- 
ern quarter of the globe. D'Herbelot also allows it a wide range. Affnoo'is another term 
for Nigritia, in use amongst the natives themselves. (See also Proceedings Af. Assoc. 
Q^p. 164 : O. p. 246. 
