No. 200.] 59 
out of a crevice in the rock, at the rate, according to the measurement 
of Mr. Warner and myself, of about thirty-eight gallons in a minute. 
When fresh from the spring, it has an opaline or milky appearance, and 
a strong sulphureous odour. This milkiness I found it to retain, even 
after eighteen hours exposure to the air. Upon being boiled, the water 
becomes clear, and a v^'hitish precipitate is deposited, w^hich is princi- 
pally sulphate of Jime, to which, indeed, its peculiar appearance may be 
ascribed. All the sulphur springs w^hich I have thus far examined, with 
this single exception, are perfectly limpid; and Mr. Warner has given 
this the characteristic name of the Chittenango White Sulphur Spring. 
The temperature of this spring is about 49°. Its water is so strongly 
charged with the sulphuretted hydrogen gas, that its odour is not only 
perceptible at a considerable distance, but its peculiar chemical effect is 
to be observed upon the bathing and lodging houses in the vicinity. 
Its specific gravity is 1.00254. The following is the composition in 
a pint. 
Carbonate of lime, J . 33 grains. 
Sulphate of lime, 8.22 " 
Sulphate of magnesia, 3.11 " 
Chloride of sodium, and vegetable matter, a mi- 
nute quantity, 
12.66 " 
Like the preceding spring, it contains a portion of carbonic acid, 
which holds the carbonate of lime in solution. In the vicinity of each 
of them are to be found leaves, twigs and pieces of wood, covered with 
a whitish incrustation, which on examination proves to be free sulphur, 
together with sulphate and carbonate of lime. 
The waters just described are highly esteemed in many cases of disease, 
and their location is so eligible, that I do not doubt that when they are 
better known, they will be much resorted to. And here it may be re- 
marked, that the village of Chittenango is, on several accounts, a point 
of considerable interest. In addition to the sulphuretted and petrifying 
springs found in the immediate vicinity, there are extensive beds of gyp- 
sum, and fine quarries of the grey limestone, one of the most beautiful 
and durable of building materials. I was informed that in the town of 
Sullivan alone, there are raised from 4,000 to 7,000 tons of gypsum 
annually, having an average value of a dollar a ton. Finally, inex- 
haustible quarries of hydraulic limestone occur about a mile and a half 
rom the village. About 100,000 bushels of the lime obtained from 
