No. 200J 157 
and becomes cellular in consequence. The manganese of the wadd is sup- 
posed to be derived from the brown spar which has been decomposed, 
and the constituents of which have been transported by water into the 
low grounds, where the manganese is deposited. Brown spar is compo- 
sed of the carbonates of lime, magnesia, iron and manganese; and as these 
bodies are isomorphous, they may replace each other without changing 
the crystalline form. The brown spar of this range of rock seems to 
contain an unusually large portion of manganese. The chemist of the 
survey, Dr. L. C. Beck, will probably aanalyze it, and the wadd also. 
Mr. Merrick, one of the acting assistants, examined a locality of the 
earthy oxide of manganese, on the farm of Mr. H. W. Gott. The ore 
is that usually denominated Wadd. It is found in a marsh, and depo- 
sited like bog ore. It has been dug to the depth of 5 or 6 feet, but 
how much deeper it extends is not known. This ore was dug some 
years since for the New- York market, and sold there at $20 per ton; 
but in consequence of the small profit derived, the owner abandoned the 
business. The bed of ore is reported to be extensive, and probably it 
may contain from 6,000 to 10,000 tons; $20 per ton is probably less 
than its value. 
Mr. Gott's grandfather discovered this ore bed about fifty years ago, 
but supposed it to be iron ore. A light seen near this spot is said to 
have led to its discovery. 
Dr. Foot, of Spencertown, informed us that another bed of it exists 
one mile south of the above, on the farm of Mr. Judson Park. 
Mr. Merrick found oxide of manganese or wadd about two miles east 
of Green river, at the outlet of a marsh, near an excavation made for 
silver ore, but from which little silver will probably be obtained. Many 
similar localities of wadd are reported to exist in this vicinity, and in 
the northeast part of Austerlitz. 
Wadd was pointed out to us on David Parsons' farm, three-quarters 
of a mile south of Canaan Centre. It was seen at the outlet of a small 
swamp, and had a depth of from six to eighteen inches. The swamp 
has an area of perhaps three or four acres, and is probably underlayed by 
a bed of this ore of mang-anese, which has been deposited like bog ore. 
A bed of wadd, or earthy oxide of manganese, has been found on 
the farm of Joseph Goodsell, in Hillsdale. Mr. Calvin Prescot dug 
fifty tons of this ore several years ago, and sold it for $20 per ton in 
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