1^ 
[Assembly 
and a half miles from Hudson; one and a half miles south-southwest of 
Clermont, a little west of the post-road; on the post-road about one 
and three-quarters of a mile south of Kinderhook; in Ghent, six miles 
south-southeast of Kinderhook, on the west side of the creek; in the east 
part of Kinderhook; also in Clinton, on land of Joseph Le Roy. In the 
east part of Rhinebeck, and four miles east of Rhinebeck village, Mr. 
Merrick states that the brecciated limestone occurs. 
Barnegat Limestone. 
The first continuous range of limestone of much magnitude that is seen 
in Columbia and Dutchess counties, in passing from west to east, is that 
which crosses the Hudson at Barnegat. It extends from Barnegat up Wap- 
pinger's creek, by Pleasant- Valley and Pine-Plains into Columbia county, 
and on the south it passes from Milton to Newburgh, on the west down the 
great valley through New-Jersey into Pennsylvania. Wappinger's creek 
forms the eastern boundary of this limestone range to near Attlebury. 
It crosses the valley of Pine-Plains under the Great Peat and Marl 
marsh and Stessing pond. Mount Tom, at Copake Flats, is probably 
a continuation of the same limestone. It varies in its characters from 
a sandy granular subcrystalline texture, to a perfect compact limestone, 
with a conchoidal fracture. This limestone is usually gray, granular, 
and sub-crystalline, with grains of sand and minute quartz crystals dis- 
seminated. Small cavities lined with quartz crystals are common. 
It is said to contain fossil remains, but they must be very rare, as I 
have not been able to detect a trace of one. It is sometimes distinctly 
stratified, and even slaty near its junction with the slate rocks, but fre- 
quently its beds are so thick, and the masses of the ledges so broken, 
that scarcely any traces of stratification are visible. This limestone is 
important, in consequence of its extensive application to the manufac- 
ture of lime. 
This business is not carried on extensively in Columbia county, but 
in Dutchess, at and near Barnegat, much lime is made. The facilities 
for this manufacture are greater at this place and about Milton, on the 
right bank of the Hudson, than at any other part of my district. The 
limestone rock forms the banks of the river at these places, and they 
are located at a short distance from the Delaware and Hudson canal, 
where coal can be had cheap, and delivered at the lime kilns. 
The lime kilns at Barnegat are kept burning constantly, from the 
opening of the river in the spring until the closing of it in winter, with- 
out allowing them to cool. The method pursued here is, after the kiln 
