218 
[Assembly 
stone. From Morristown on one side and Brockville on the other, the 
level region extends from 15 to 20 miles. At this distance the hilly- 
region commences, lying along the junction of the sandstone and pri- 
mary rocks. In Canada as well as in St. Lawrence, the country abouds 
in long narrow valleys and lakes. 
The similarity of structure is not confined to the transition formation, 
or the valleys and lakes, but extends also to the primary strata, and the 
occurrence of similar minerals in the same geological ranges; thus veins 
of lead, copper and trap abound in both of the primary districts; also 
brown tourmaline in the primitive limestones, sulphuret of barytes, spe- 
cular iron, albite, phosphate of lime, &c. In fine, a description of the 
rocks and minerals of the east side of the St. Lawrence would apply 
equally well to those of the west side, with the exception, that the dip 
of the strata are in opposite directions. This difference extends to the 
dip of the dykes and veins of lead and copper, those on the east dipping 
to the north, while those on the west side dip to the south. 
For an illustration of the above remarks, see an east and west sec- 
tion on the map of the tertiary district of Essex county. Section I. 
The surfaces of the sandstones and other rocks are worn and fur- 
rowed as in the county of St. Lawrence. The direction of these fur- 
rows near the head of Plumb valley are nearly north and south. 
FacilHies for obtaining Water ^ Sfc, 
The level and less hilly portions of St. Lawrence county are under- 
laid by a stiff clay, above which are strata of sand and gravel. From 
these beds abundance of water may be obtained; it is always hard, 
but is not unpleasant for drink. The wells require to be sunk to 
the depth of only 15 or 20 feet. The following table exhibits the tem- 
perature of the wells and springs along the junction of the transition 
and primitive districts. 
The temperature of two wells in Hermon. 
1st. 52 feet deep. Temperature 45° Fah. 
2d. 20 do do 43° do 
Of two wells in De Kalb. 
Temperature of the air 75° July 20tk, 1837. 
1st. Temperature 44° Fah. 
2d. 18 feet deep, do 41° do 
