270 ^ [AssEMBLr 
same analogy exists between ores and these minerals as exists between 
fruits and flowers, the presence of the latter indicating the presence of 
the former. Though metallic crystalline minerals are accompanied by 
one or more earthy or saline crystalline minerals, yet it by no means 
follows because we find the latter we shall discover the former, from 
the circumstance of earthy minerals being vastly more abundant than 
metallic ones. 
The white sandstone of the group under consideration, is used as a 
building stone; so likewise is the red, part of the front of the Ontario 
Bank at Utica being formed of it. 
Red Shale, — Above this group, and resting upon the white sandstone, 
as may be seen at Cruger's mill, and on the road to Cedarville, from 
Herkimer village, is the red shale, whose uniform deep red colour ex- 
hibiting no separations by well defined layers, its tendency to disinte- 
grate in small angular gravellike fragments, which are readily resolved 
into earth, its great thickness, being at least 150 feet in this county, its 
containing no organic remains, requires it for the present to be separat- 
ed from the group last described. There is nothing in the whole of the 
red shale to break its uniformity, excepting two thin layers of about 
two or three inches thick, much more hard and less liable to disintegra- 
tion than the red shale. It makes a pretty good hone, and greatly re- 
sembles the ferriferous shale of Prof. Eaton, which forms a thick layer 
at Rochester. Besides these layers there are green spots, or nucleii, 
occasionally met with, and a hard greenish gray sandstone about two 
inches thick at Cruger's mill dam. 
The red shale is connected with the next series above, namely, the 
water limestone. The red shale alternating with it. This is well seen 
in Frankfort creek, just below the upper saw-mill, and above Kellock's 
lime-kiln; in other localities also, but not so distinctly. The terrace 
which is formed of the red shale, is greater in all respects than any of 
the rocks below it, which form the hill side. Its chief interest consists 
in being the first of a series which exhibits alluvial deposits formed an- 
terior to the excavation of the Mohawk valley. 
Wate)^ Lime Series, — This differs greatly from the last mass in ap- 
pearance; its layers, though rarely over two or three inches, are well 
defined, and in its uniform drab colour; but like the preceding rock, it 
is deficient in organic remains, not having found one in either. All the 
layers I have examined efifervesce with acids, and though they are not 
all suitable for water cement, not being homogeneous as to the propor- 
