from an Armenian Gull Larus armenicus and a Little Tern Sterna alb- 
ifrons. 
During almost 5.5 h of observation, the Long-tailed Skua, captured 11 
fish at the surface, scavenged three dead fish at the beach and klep- 
toparasitized Little and Common terns S. hirundo 21 times. The indi- 
vidual also caught and ate a male House Sparrow Passer domesticus 
that was entangled in a fishing net on the beach. 
The two Arctic Skuas were observed for a cumulative 3.76 h. They 
were observed to hunt in proximity to each other but no intentional 
co-operative hunting occurred. Neither were they observed to skim 
the surface in search of prey, but appeared to get their food almost 
exclusively by kleptoparasitizing Armenian Gulls (11 cases), Little (14 
cases) and Common Terns (9 cases) and once each for Cormorant 
Phalacrocorax carbo and Osprey Pandion haliaetus. 
The foraging at sea strategies of the Pomarine and Long-tailed Skuas 
were not very different(surface: 4 to 11 prey; scavenging: 7 to 4 prey), 
however the Long-tailed Skua differed in that it resorted heavily to 
kleptoparasitizing other birds for additional prey. This is similar to the 
strategy adopted by the Arctic Skuas that were observed to feed exclu- 
sively on kleptoparasitized food. My observations concur with those 
of Cramp and Simmons (1983) who described Pomarine Skuas as a 
species that "out of the breeding season, takes mainly fish, and occa- 
sionally feeds by scavenging and kleptoparasitizing". However out- 
side the breeding season very little data are available for Long-tailed 
Skuas. Similar to this study, Cramp and Simmons (1983) describe the 
Arctic Skuas as feeding mainly on "fish obtained by food-piracy fol- 
lowing aerial pursuit of other seabirds." 
References 
CRAMP, S. AND SIMMONS, K. E. L. (eds) (1983) The birds of the Western 
Palearctic Vol. HI. Oxford University Press. 
PAZ, U. (1987) The birds of Israel. Ministry of Defence Publishing, Tel Aviv. 
Reuven Yosef, Director, International Birding Centre, P. O. Box 774, Eilat 
88000, Israel 
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