150 
DESCRIPTION OF 
30 April, 
half, and their distance apart five feet. The tire (band) is of one 
piece, and in width two inches and a half. The whole of the wheels, 
axletrees, and parts connected with them, constituting what the 
boors call the onderstel or carriage, is well covered with tar. Those 
parts belonging to, and joined with, the fore pair of wheels, are 
denominated the voor-stel ; and those to the after pair, the agter-stel. 
On the top of each axletree lies a strong piece of timber, called the 
skajn?nel, upon which the buik plank or bottom of the waggon rests. 
Into each end of the skatumels, is strongly morticed an upright piece 
named the ro?ig, against which the sides rest, and by which they 
are prevented from spreading outwards. A strong bolt of iron runs 
through the foYe-skammel, and connects it with the axletree which 
turns upon it ; but the after-skammel is firmly confined to its axle- 
tree by iron bands. The langwagen is that beam which connects the 
two axletrees together, and for safety, in case of its suddenly breaking 
by any accident, a long separate bar of iron, called the izer (iron) 
langwagen, is added. Behind the after axletree is fixed the trap 
(or step), a wooden frame serving both as steps to assist in 
getting into the waggon, and, usually, as a convenient place for the 
cooking utensils. Through the middle of the fore axletree, 
passes a strong piece of timber, called the tang ; the fore end of which 
is shaped into two cheeks between which the pole is bolted, and is free 
to move vertically only. The pole [disselboom] is ten feet long, having 
at the end a strong iron staple ; the tang-arms are two curved (they 
ought rather to be straight) bars of iron ; one on each side, connect- 
ing the end of the tang with the ends of the axletree. Their use is 
to support the tang in the act of turning the waggon ; the tang is, as 
it were, a continuation of the langwagen, with which it is connected by 
a horizontal joint. The wheels are of that form, technically called 
' dishing' wheels, and stand vertically. The tilt [tent) is made shorter 
than the waggon, for the purpose of leaving an open space in front, 
of about two feet and a half ; where there is a raised seat or box for 
the driver. The ligter (lifter) is a strong lever, about eight or nine 
feet long, the fulcrum of which is an upright piece of timber, called 
the ligter-voet or lever-foot, about two feet and a half high. This is 
