136 Pigmentation Survey of School Children in Scotland 
reader is referred to Mr Gray's paper for details as to this system of representation 
of intensity of colour. The author has to acknowledge his indebtedness to 
Mr Gray for the help he gave in the construction of the schedule and to thank 
him cordially for such cooperation as he was able to give otherwise. Owing to his 
residence in London, Mr Gray was unable to take part either in the actual work 
of organizing and carrying out of the survey, or in the laborious and prolonged 
statistical analysis after the survey had been completed. The writer, however, 
received great assistance from his own clerical staff, the members of which worked 
frequently at high pressure to a late hour, in order to have the work completed 
within a reasonable limit of time. 
(8) Organization and carrying out of the Survey. 
The colour classes, schedules and other forms being approved of by the 
Committee, the next step to be considered was their issue to the teachers. A 
reference to the Appendix to the Annual Report* issued by the Scotch Edu- 
cation Department showed that in 1902 there were 3145 schools in the 33 counties 
of Scotland with an actual average attendance of 646,501 scholars. It was further 
noted, that, including principals, there were 11,638 certificated teachers giving 
instruction to these children, and who, on the suggestion of the principals, might 
be willing to take part in the voluntary task of noting the colour characters of 
the children and recording them, together with the other information desired, on 
the forms supplied. It was recognised from the outset that while many principals 
would be quite willing to survey the whole school in each case, this would be a 
task of great magnitude in the larger schools, where the average attendance 
reached several hundreds and in many cases considerably over a thousand. The 
average number to be examined in each school, on the assumption that each 
head master or mistress made the observations, amounted to 205 children ; while 
if every certificated teacher took part, the number was reduced to 55. It was 
seen that there would be great deviations in excess of these averages and therefore 
it was considered eminently advisable, if the survey was to be a success, that the 
certificated teachers generally should be invited to take part. This, it will be 
seen presently, was done through the medium of the principals, with the most 
fruitful results from both principal and class teacher. The schools from which 
it was considered desirable to receive returns of observations on the colour 
characters of the children, were those aided by Parliamentary Grants. The 
complete list of these schools receiving such grants for the twelve months ending 
the 31st August, 1902, is given in the Appendix to the Report already referred to, 
and this list formed the basis of the author's operations in carrying out the survey. 
As was originally the design of the author, he arranged to classify the returns in 
the usual and well-known basis of parishes and counties, and also into groups 
intermediate on an average in magnitude between parishes and counties. As will 
* Report of the Committee of Council on Education in Scotland, with Appendix, 1902 — 1903. 
Appendix, Part II. Table 3, pp. 488— G51. 
