172 Pigmentation Survey of School Children in Scotland 
maps (XLVII. and XLVIII.) that the denser midland and east coast areas are well 
mixed samples of the population. Over the whole of Scotland about 60 of the 
separate district groups are quite representative of the general population, repre- 
senting a total of 114,482 boys in the boy population of 257,766, or 44"4 per cent., 
and 97,839 girls in the girl population of 244,389, or 40 per cent. 
The results of the divergency analysis for hair colour can now be summarised. 
Taking large samples of the population (i.e. the divisions) to remove merely local 
differences and to some extent the effect of unequal density, thus getting a general 
view, it is seen that the populous East-Midland division is a fair representation of 
the general population for hair colour of both boys and girls. The Southern 
division is so for girls only. The fairly populous North-Eastern division diverges 
mainly because of its fair-haired and red-haired population ; the less populous West- 
Midland division because of its dark population. The other divisions are widely 
divergent for several reasons. The divergencies of the Northern and North and 
North-Western divisions are accentuated by their being comparatively small 
samples separated geographically from the rest of the population, and are not like 
the rest of the country because of their excessive fairness and darkness. 
Taking smaller samples of the population (counties, cities and districts) it is 
seen that populous counties are fairly representative of the general population ; 
many populous districts also are ; but the great cities (excluding Edinburgh which 
is representative of the population) are divergent. There are elements present in 
the urban populations which make them unrepresentative of the general population. 
Certain outlying sparsely populated districts, particularly on the west coast, are 
also divergent and unrepresentative. The cause or causes of the divergency in the 
populations affected will be considered in the next section. 
III. Ei/e Colour, (a) Divisions. The Southern and South-Eastern divisions 
( and $ ) are the most representative of the general population. These popula- 
tions are passable samples of the general population. Next in order are the North- 
Eastern, East-Midland and West-Midland divisions. Then follow the Northern — 
due to excess of blue eyes, and the South- Western — due to excess of medium and 
dark ; and lastly the most divergent of all, the North-Western, whose divergency 
is also mainly due to the excess of blue eyes. (See Maps XLIX. and L.) 
{/3) Counties. Examining the county divergencies it is seen that, in the boy 
population, and taken in the order of greatest divergency to least divergency, the 
following counties diverge greatly from the general population owing to excess of 
blue eyes, namely : Orkney, Shetland, Ross, Cromarty, Inverness, Elgin, Nairn, 
Aberdeen and Forfar. Ayr in the south greatly diverges owing to excess of both 
blue and light eyes, and Lanark greatly diverges owing to a large excess of medium 
eyes. The divergencies in all the foregoing cases are very great. Among the still 
significantly but less divergent counties are the Lothians and Roxburgh (excess of 
blue eyes), Dumfries (excess of light and medium), Argyll and Dumbarton perhaps 
(excess of light eyes). The non-divergent regions are somewhat isolated from one 
another ; they ai-e Banff and Kincardine in the north ; Perth, Fife, Stirling, 
