J. F. Tocher 
177 
Red hair is the only class which shows a moderate approach to uniformity of 
distribution, but even in this class the deviations are 7 and 8^ times their probable 
errors for boys and girls respectively. There is, however, a decided approach 
towards an even distribution of this class over the whole country compared with 
all the other classes. But for the probably significant excesses in the north-east 
TABLE XXVII. 
Segregation in. Colour. 
(This table shows that childi'en with red hair are the most uniformly distributed class, while 
fair haired blue eyed ohildren are not well distributed throughout the country. They have 
a tendency to occur in groups and show therefore the greatest segregation.) 
Divergence from homo- 
geneity is 
Interlocal constant is 
Class of Catei^ory 
Significant 
Very significant 
Highly significant . . . 
Excessively great 
between 0 and TO 
„ 1-0 and 2-0 
2-0 and S'O 
above 3'0 
Red Hair ^ and 9 
j.Jet Black Hair $ and ? 
/Ligfht Eyes $ ? Dark Eyes ? 
(Dark Eyes $ Medium Eyes $ $ 
} Dark Hair $ and ? 
/ Fair Hair $ Medium Hair $ ? 
Fair Hair ? Blue Eyes S 9 
of Scotland and the neighbourhood of Edinburgh as shown in the class analysis 
(Section 6), the distribution of the class of red-haired persons would be fairly 
uniform. The chance against meeting a schoolboy of this class in travelling over 
Scotland is about 17 to 1. One would have to note at random the colour 
characters of at least 18 people on an average in order to have one of this class in 
the group. But the chances are slightly lower in Aberdeen and Banff and Mid- 
lothian. They fall to about 14 to 1 against. The chance against meeting a 
person of the jet black class is much smaller, about 99 to 1, but the chances 
vary more as one moves from place to place. In certain places it is as small as 
400 to 1. The chance against meeting a person of the dark class or of the fair 
class is about 3 to 1 and of the medium class about 3 to 2 and so on. The point 
is that while one can state in a general way the chances for or against a Scottish 
child belonging to any one of the hair and eye colour classes, these chances 
vary largely from district to district. The question may be asked, What is the 
typical Scotchman like ? One cannot answer that question offhand from the 
present data, which deals with school children only. It must be remembered 
that there is a change in hair colour and eye colour in passing from childhood 
to manhood. Hair colour generally becomes darker more or less with age. A fair- 
haired boy or girl may or may not become a fair-haired man or woman, but there 
is a tendency to become darker. A measure of the change, from Prussian and 
British data by Pearson*, and by the author f from the Aberdeenshire data, shows 
* Pearson: Biomctrika, Vol. iii. p. 161. 
t Biometrika, Vol. v. pp. .339—341. 
Biometrika vi 23 
