J. F. Tocher 
185 
IV. Relationships between Piginentation, Density of Population, and Foreigners. 
Ill the Census Report already referred to, the number of persons per square mile 
is given for each of the eight chief divisions of Scotland*. The means are at hand 
therefore to compare the density of the population with pigmentation. With 
regard to the foreign element, one would naturally come to the conclusion without 
examining the actual data that foreigners are likely to be found in the more 
densely populated areas of the country. Business leads them to where the 
industries are and therefore to where closely packed populations reside. It is 
desirable therefore that any correlation existing between the two should be 
measured. The association has been measured from two sets of data. The degree 
of correlation has been determined (1) between foreigners and density (number 
of persons per square mile), and (2) between foreigners and the number of families 
(a) living in one and two rooms, (/3) living in three to nine rooms, and (y) living 
in ten rooms and upwards. The correlation coefficients were calculated from 
the following table (Table XXXII.) :— 
TABLE XXXII. 
Division 
Persons per 
square mile 
Number of families living in 
(per 1000 of each division) 
One and 
two rooms 
Three to 
nine rooms 
Ten rooms 
and upv^ards 
I. 
31 
535-8 
440-4 
22-5 
II. 
23 
490-9 
468-3 
40-6 
III. 
127 
394-3 
.569-4 
36-3 
IV. 
166 
549-8 
419-0 
31-1 
V. 
87 
552-5 
408-6 
38-8 
VI. 
827 
686-4 
296-2 
17-3 
VII. 
363 
530-7 
422-1 
47-2 
VIII. 
62 
376-9 
562-9 
60-2 
The following table (Table XXXIII.) gives the population, the number of 
foreigners, and the number per 1000 of the respective populations, of each division 
in Scotland : — 
TABLE XXXIII. 
Division 
Population 
Foreigners 
Number of Foreigners 
per 1000 
Deviation from mean 
per 1000 
I. 
112175 
147 
1-3105 
-1-6643 
II. 
166554 
124 
0-7445 
-2-2303 
III. 
460941 
621 
1 -3472 
-1-6276 
IV. 
665215 
1515 
2-2775 
-0-6973 
V. 
348585 
1044 
2-9950 
0-0202 
VI. 
1862775 
15062 
8-0858 
5-1110 
VII. 
662415 
3888 
5-8694 
2-8946 
VIII. 
193443 
226 
1-1683 
- 1 -8065 
* Eleventh Decennial Census, Appendix Tables, p. xxxv. 
Biometrika vi 
24 
