J. F. Tocher 
187 
correlation between foreigners and density is exceedingly high. It is certainly the 
case that foreigners coming into this country live in districts in Scotland having 
on an average distinctly greater proportions of medium haired, medium eyed and 
dark-eyed persons among their number than that found for the general population. 
But these are just the classes which are in excess in densely populated parts, and 
foreign immigrants reside for the most part in these denser centres. One cannot 
therefore say from the foregoing whether the foreign immigrants have large pro- 
portions of these classes among their number or not. It is not known what the 
proportions are. It has simply been proved that they are associated with densely 
populated centres in Scotland. The colour characters of the immigrants themselves 
must be investigated. The effect of the foreign element in the population will be 
considered in detail in the special section on Glasgow and environs. 
The subsection can be summarised as follows : 
Foreign 
on reaching this ( Densely i where (among school children) /Medium Hair 
, . ^ country tend -^Populated)- excesses are found of the Medium Eyes 
|Immigiantsj reside in ( Areas ) following classes, namely : (Dark Eyes 
V. Relationship between Pigmentation and the Death Rate. It is stated by 
Pearson* that there is a positive correlation between fairness and disease in child- 
hood. It has long been known that there is a correlation between density of 
population and the death rate not due directly or mainly to the crowding of persons 
together but to the association with density of filth, poverty, drunkenness and the 
like. Russell has shown the correlation between the size of house and the general 
death ratef. Newsholmej pointed out in 1891 that the true test of density is a 
statement of the number of persons living in each occupied room. Applying any 
test of density, the correlation between it and the death rate is high, using Scottish 
figures. Taking for instance the number of persons per square mile, the correlation 
TABLE XXXVI. 
Correlation bettveen Density of Population and 
Death Rate in Scotland. 
Division 
Deviation from mean number 
of persons per square mile 
Deviation from mean 
Death Kate 
1. 
-179-75 
-1-240 
II. 
-187-75 
- -078 
III. 
- 83-75 
-1-012 
IV. 
- 44-75 
-138 
V. 
-123-75 
- -275 
VI. 
616-25 
2-450 
VII. 
152-25 
-315 
VIII. 
-148-75 
- -297 
* Pearson: Biometrika, Vol. in. p. 465. 
t Kussell : Proceedings of Glasgow Philosophical Society, Nov. 1888. 
% Newsholme: Journal of Roijal Statistical Society, Feb. 1891. 
24—2 
