190 Pigmentation Survey of School Children in Scotland 
darker-haired * than the Scottish population. With a less proportion of medium 
hair than that occurring in this country, the foreigners — a handful compared with 
the total population of towns — could have no effect in this direction. They are 
likely, from actual observations, to have an effect in very densely populated areas 
in the direction of darkness of hair and dark eyes. If Irishmen and Englishmen 
were browner-haired on an average than Scotchmen, and if it was proved that a 
high proportion of them lived in densely populated areas of Scotland, this would 
be an important factor and a probable explanation. It is true that, at any rate 
in Glasgow, the Irish are found in large numbers, but from the results of this 
survey (see Glasgow section — Irish children) and the results given by the pioneer 
observer of colour in this country, Beddoef, Irishmen have no greater proportion i 
of the medium class on an average than Scotchmen. Beddoe's statistics for England ^ 
have also been tabulated and a general percentage evaluated. The English appear 
on an average to be no browner-haired than the Scot. Both indeed seem likely to 
have a less proportion of this class. Pearson's statistics for English boys show that 
they are fairer than Scottish boys. There seems however to be a higher proportion 
possessing jet black hair. 
The following table (Table XXXVIII.) shows the colour distributions of 
English, Scottish, and Irish populations, as at present known. 
TABLE XXXVIII. 
Hair 
Eyes 
Fair 
Ked 
Medium 
Dark 
Jet 
Black 
Blue 
Light 
Medium 
Dark 
(1) Irish 
10-4 
4-6 
33-4 
40-5 
11-0 
66-5 
14-7 
18-6 
(2) Eiigliish, North of England 
21-3 
5-8 
41-6 
28-6 
2-6 
60-5 
14-7 
24-7 
(3) Scottish Adults, Probable 
Distribution 
11-5 
4-2 
55-9 
28-4 
27-8 
45-9 
26-3 
(4) Scottish Boys, Actual Ob- 
servation 
25-0 
5-5 
43-3 
25-0 
1-3 
14-7 
30-3 
32-7 
22-3 
(5) Irish Boys, Glasgow 
22-1 
5-1 
35-1 
33-1 
4-6 
21-2 
26-0 
28-4 
24-4 
(6) Enghsh Boys 
33-5 
4-1 
34-0 
26-5 
1-9 
41-5 
37-0 
21-6 
The figures for the Irish and English populations are derived from Beddoe's 
tablesf. The figures for Scottish adults are the author's, deduced from results 
from the Aberdeenshire adults and Scottish school children \. The figures for 
Scottish boys are from the present data ; those for Irish children are also from the 
present data. Pearson's figures are taken from the Fourth Huxley Lecture §. 
The table is not intended to represent the actual distributions for the three king- 
doms, but merely to show that the excess of medium hair found in Scotland is not 
* See actual results in section on Glasgow ; also Livi and others on Italians, Jews, Eussians, etc. 
+ Beddoe : Races of Britain, pp. 188, 189 ; and pp. 160 et seq. 
X Biometrika, Vol. v. pp. 341, 342. 
§ Journ. Anthrop. Instit. Vol. xxxiii. 1903, pp. 214, 215. 
