J. F. Tocher 
215 
are Russians and Poles; 15 per cent, are Italians; 10 per cent, belong to other 
races whose predominant hair colour is known to be brown or dark. Only 15 per 
cent, belong to Northern races or peoples likely to have a moderate or large pro- 
portion of the blonde type, namely, Germans, Swedes, Norwegians, Dutch and 
Belgians. Thus wherever foreigners congregate together in the city anywhere 
they are likely to increase the darkness of the population rather than otherwise. 
The general effect outside the Tradeston group may be small, since the foreign 
population is more scattered, and is in much smaller proportion consequently in 
every division but Tradeston and Gorbals. Any effect Italians have would be in 
the direction of excess of medium hair and dark eyes since Livi* has shown these 
are the typical classes among Italians, but there is no evidence of the concentration 
of members of this race as a group in the cityf. 
(8) The Irish Population of Glasgoiu. The Gaelic speaking population has 
been shown to be likely to influence the colour distribution of Glasgow in the 
direction of excess in the dark and jet black haired classes and also probably in the 
blue-eyed and light-eyed classes. The divisions likely to be influenced have also 
been pointed out. But there is another very important element in the Glasgow 
population still to be considered. It is estimated by reliable authorities that 
there are about 100,000 Irishmen in Glasgow. Over 40,000 as a minimum are 
ProtestantsJ. The proportion of persons of Irish origin in other parts of Scotland 
is very small. The effect of this large population, if its colour characters differed 
from those of the Scottish population, would be very gi-eat. In one of the previous 
sections (Section 9, Table XXXVIII.) it was pointed out from Beddoe's figures 
that compared with Scotland, Ireland was likely to have much higher proportions 
of light eyes (light and blue, however ; Beddoe grouped both together as one class), 
dark hair and jet black hair. Beddoe's figures of course refer to the adult Irish 
population. It therefore seemed desirable to get an estimate of the distribution 
of colour among Irish children. The colour characters of school children, stated by 
the teachers to be of Irish origin, in certain Glasgow schools were tabulated, when 
the figures given in the accompanying table (Table LVII.) were obtained. 
These figures confirm the conclusion from Beddoe's results. Dark and jet black 
hair are both in excess compared with the Scottish population. The distribution 
therefore differs markedly from the general Scottish distribution. If children of 
Irish origin were present in a moderately large proportion in any of the districts, 
they would sensibly affect the colour distributions in the schools of Glasgow. In 
order to gain some information as to the number of children of Irish origin in each 
of the pigmentation districts of Glasgow, the author recently communicated with 
the headmasters who very kindly sent in a return showing the numbers approxi- 
mately of children of non-Scottish origin, in three classes: (a) foreign, {^) Irish, 
* R. Livi, Antropometria Militare, Roma, 1898. 
t Canon Ritchie has very kindly supplied me with figures from the Roman Catholic Clergymen of 
Glasgow which show that Italians are nearly iu even proportions in the various divisions. 
X This estimate is based on figures supplied by Orangemen, through the kindness of Mr Hugh 
Berrie, Glasgow, 
