J. F. Tocher 
showing the large Irish element in the public schools of Glasgow — an element 
which, from the results of the analysis of the colour characters of Irish school 
children in Glasgow, tends to make the hair colour distribution of the western city 
darker than the remaining Scottish population. The school children of Irish origin 
have on an average 2 per cent, more of the dark-haired class (boys) and Hl)Out 8 per 
cent, more in the girl population. A distinctly greater proportion belong to the 
jet black class among the Irish population, about 4 per cent., compared with 
1^ per cent, in the Scottish population. Although a greater proportion of the 
Irish population observed, compared with the general Scottish population, has 
blue eyes, this class does not appear in excess in any of the populous centres 
except Partick. Partick was not included nor was Govan in the investigation as 
to the number of school children of non-Scottish origin — an omission which the 
author regrets he made when the Glasgow teachers were invited to send the 
additional returns. Further work is contemplated on the Glasgow returns and an 
additional return is expected from many of the large Catholic schools. These schools 
have an attendance of about 20,000 children whose colour characters have not yet 
been observed. A very large number of these children are of Irish origin and a 
knowledge of their colour distribution will be useful. Of course since these children 
were not included in the present survey, they do not contribute to the divergency 
found for Glasgow. 
The results of this subsection show that children of Irish origin clearly affect 
the nature of the distribution of colour in Glasgow. They tend, as the Scoto- 
Keltic and the foreign populations do, to create an excess of dark hair and jet 
black hair. The Irish population does not appear to affect the eye colour distri- 
bution of Glasgow sensibly. It may however do so. Other factors which have 
not yet been discovered may be operating to obscure the effect of the Irish 
element on the distribution of eye colour in the western city. 
The association of excess of dark hair, jet black hair, blue eyes and light eyes 
with the Scoto-Keltic and Irish populations is a striking feature in these results. 
The results but confirm the common origin of the two peoples — their association 
as determined by language, by history and by tradition. 
IV. Summary of this Section. (1) The general analysis reveals Glasgow to 
diverge largely from the general population both in hair colour and eye colour. 
(2) Further analysis shows the divergency to be due to excesses of the medium 
and dark haired classes and the medium and dark eyed classes, and to defects of 
the fair-haired and blue-eyed classes. 
(3) Analysis of the divisions into which Glasgow is divided brings out the fact 
that the excesses are not uniformly distributed over the city. No excess of the 
fair-haired class appears in any quarter of the city, but certain districts, St RoUox (J"), 
Dennistoun (^), and the western suburban area (Paisley) have about the average 
proportion of this class. Milton, the Cowcaddens district, is the only one showing 
excess — a slight one — of the red-haired class. Excess of medium hair in varying 
Biometrika vi 2y 
