228 Pigmentation Survey of School Children in Scotland 
cardine. The counties of Inverness and Argyll, and the city of Glasgow, show 
excess of this class for both the boy and girl populations. Kirkcudbright and 
Sutherland (boys), and Renfrew (girls), also show significant excess. The west 
is also the region of excess of jet black hair, a small class numerically. Altogether 
there are only about 6000 children out of a total of over 500,000 who possess jet 
black hair. The excess is common to both sexes in the counties of Perth, Inverness, 
Ross and Cromarty. Caithness (boys) and Argyll (girls) also show significant 
excess. Excess of blue eyes has already been stated to be common to the north. 
Significant excess of light eyes is common to Argyll and Dumbarton in the west 
and to Leith in the east. Kincardine and Kirkcudbright both show significant 
excess of this class in the girl population. Significant excess of medium eyes 
is peculiar to the great cities, Glasgow, Aberdeen (girls), Leith (girls), and Dundee 
(girls) ; and to the county of Lanark generally. Significant excess of dark eyes 
is also peculiar to the great cities, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Dundee. The county 
of Forfar shows significant excess for the girl population. 
III. Many parts of Scotland quite resemble the general population in hair 
colour and eye colour. These parts are usually densely populated. Notable 
exceptions occur. Glasgow is the striking example. The presence of non-Scottish 
elements and of excess of the Highland element makes Glasgow unrepresentative. 
The populous East-Midland division is most representative of the general popu- 
lation in hair colour. The populous counties, Forfar, Fife, Stirling and Dumbarton, 
and the city of Edinburgh are fairly i-epresentative of the general population. 
The counties which diverge largely in hair colour from the general population, 
and have therefore non -representative populations, are Ross, Cromarty, Inverness 
and Argyll, the divergency being common to both the boy and girl populations. 
The divergency in the case of Argyll is due to excess of dark hair and jet black 
hair, and in the other cases to excesses of both fair and dark. The divergency in 
the north-east of Scotland is due to excess of red hair and fair hair. The sea- 
board on the west coast from Sutherland to Mull is highly divergent, due to 
significant excess of dark hair and jet black hair. In eye colour, the Southern 
and South-Eastern divisions are the most representative; the North-Western 
and South-Western the most divergent. Orkney, Shetland, Sutherland, Ross, 
Cromarty, Inverness, Elgin, Nairn and Forfar all diverge because of excess of blue 
eyes; in Sutherland and Forfar excess of dark eyes also contributes to the diver- 
gency. In the cities of Glasgow and Dundee, the divergency is due to excess of 
medium and dark eyes ; in Aberdeen to medium ; and in Leith to light and 
medium. The counties of Argyll, Dumbarton and Dumfries in the west diverge 
because of excess of light eyes ; and Ayr because of blue and light. The isle 
of Lewis diverges because of excess of blue eyes and the isles of Jura and Islay 
because of excess of light. These islands contribute largely to the divergency 
of their respective counties, Inverness and Argyll. 
IV. It has been proved (see II. and III.) that excesses in the various classes, 
or positive differences much in excess of the expected, occur all over the country, 
