244 
Holothuria floridana 
develops within the vitelline membrane. In the fourth day it has four tentacles 
and a budding posterior ventral pedicel (Edwards, 1907, pp. 775 — 776). In the 
sixth day after fertilization the embryo breaks its way through the slime covered 
egg membrane. The larval Holothurid has a primitive symmetry of five tentacles 
and one posterior ventral pedicel by means of which it creeps about. At times it 
is erect upon this posterior pedicel in a Hydra-like attitude. Then again it comes 
down on its tentacles while the pedicel is released from the bottom of the dish 
and waved aloft. It is nourished from the micro-organisms in the slime of the 
aquarium. This slime is left at each change of water so that the algae and other 
protists multiply and thus furnish a good supply of food. 
Table VI. shows the growth in length*, diameter and volume of 89 of these 
very young individuals from the fifth, or last day within the vitelline membrane, to 
88 days of age. In general there is a progressive increase in size up to 75 days. 
The diminution in volume of the individuals for 87 and 88 days undoubtedly 
indicates stunting from lack of food and other conditions in the small aquaria. 
C. Colour. 
a. Living and Alcoholic Specimens. 
On July 11, 1891, at Harbour Island, Bahamas, the colours of 25 living speci- 
mens were determined by comparison with Ridgway, 1886. Besides the usual 
colours shown in the following analyses of alcoholic specimens, coral-red, scarlet 
and scarlet-vermilion were each found in two individuals and flame-scarlet in one. 
These colours have disappeared from the specimens which have remained in 
alcohol. Ludwig, 1889-92, p. 27, points out that certain pigments like yellow, 
yellowish-red and red are changed by alcohol. However, in the Holothurids 
considered in this paper the masses of pigment are so thick that in most cases, 
excepting those noted above, the colours here recorded for the alcoholic specimens 
may be accepted as about the same as those of the living individuals. Since 
ordinarily, for taxonomy, museum rather than living examples are studied it is 
certainly important to have the colours properly taken and recorded from alcoholic 
specimens, if it is not possible at the same time to have them for comparison 
from the animals while alive. 
b. Methods of Determination. 
The colour was determined, on a clear day, with Ridgway, 1886, as the standard. 
In Tables VII. and VIII. a summary of the colouration and the distribution of 
the colours of the pedicels and papillae and the body is given for the bivium and 
trivium. The " stalk " is that portion of an appendage extending from the body- 
wall to within about "5 mm. from the distal termination where usually the " end " 
is marked off by a ring around the tip. In the absence of the ring the "stalk" 
extends to the sucker. Sometimes, especially dorsally, the appendages arise from 
* Measured fi-om base ot tentacles to proximal enil of the posterior ventral pedicel. 
