292 Holothuria Jloridana and Holotkuria atra 
IV. SUMMARY. 
A. Characters separating H. floridana Pourtales (= H. mexicana 
Iiudwig, H. africana Theel) from H. atra Jager. 
H. floridana Pourtales 
H. atra Jager 
Colouration 
The lighter tints of the browns prevail as the 
ground-colour. The markings are dots, spots, 
blotches, streaks or rings of the browns, 
ci'eams, grays and whites. 
Only 12°/^ of the adult and 40% of the youiig 
have the entire body luiiformly coloui'ed. In 
all such cases the dark browns, usually seal 
and clove, are found. 60°/^ of the adult and 
13°/3 of the young have the mid-dorsal region 
uniform in the browns. When the colours of 
this region arc mi.xed the dark browns (seal, 
clove, Vandyke) predominate with some inter- 
mi.xture of creams and grays. 
The latei'al-doi'sal regions are not half so luii- 
form as the rnid-dorsal and with a tendency 
to the lighter browns and creams. 
The ventral region shows almost as much uni- 
foruiity as the mid-dorsal in the adult, and 
almost three times as much in the young. 
The lighter browns and creams prevail in the 
adult and these colours together with the grays 
in the young. 
In the adult the percentage of creams is doubled 
from mid- to lateral- dorsal and again from 
lateral-dorsal to ventral, thus gradually chang- 
ing the colour from the dark brown back to 
the lighter belly. 
Over the entire body the ends of the ambulacral 
appendages often arise from dark brown, or 
blacky spots. 
The young are more variegated but altogether 
these partly-coloured holothurians show much 
variation in the often fiinta.stic combinations 
of the 25 tints of the browns, the 4 tints of 
the creams, the 9 tints of the grays, black 
and white. 
Mostly uniform seal-brown in 
both the adult and young. 
The ends of the appendages 
may be of a lighter tint like 
sepia. 
Distribution of 
pedicels and 
{)aj)illae per 
sq. cm. 
BlVIUM 
Trivium 
Bivium 
Trivium 
1 
Adult 13 Young 21 
Adult 25 Young 35 
Adult Young 
17 31 
Adult Young 
45 73 
Number per sq. 
cm. 
1'6 as many in trivium as in bivium in adult 
and 1'4 in young. 
2-6 as many in trivium as in 
bivium in adult and 2'4 in 
young. 65°/^ more appen- 
dages in H. atra than in 
H. floridana. 
Skin 
Warts, each a heap of rosettes and perforated 
plates usually surmounted by a papilla. Found 
in 63°/^ of adult, 98°/^ of young, and in all 
larvae. In remaining 37 °/„ of adult and 2 of 
young warts probabl}' present but not con- 
spicuous and hence not seriated as such. In 
young warts most often in prominent right 
and left lateral rows. 
Fits, shallow, crater-like de- 
pressions ('15 mm. X "1 mm.) 
in the body-wall, whose 
thickened, pigmented walls 
are separated from the sur- 
rounding tissue by crescentic 
clefts. Beneath each pit is 
a closed lacunar space. 
