Karl Pearson 
351 
the bulk of cases the male is a white and the female a black, it would be well to 
inquire whether a change of sex can produce any differences in the colour of the 
offspring or in the nature of the dominance. 
If we accept that (LD) is a blend, we should expect that mulatto x white 
would give 50 p.c. of whites and 50 p.c. of blends. My next question was put to 
test this. 
(2) Mulatto X white gives a quadroon. Is or is not the quadroon a blend ? 
Theory says that the quadroon class should consist of half whites and half mulattos. 
Answer. "With the small exception of the yellow mulattos the quadroon is almost 
invariably lighter in colour than the brown mulatto, and one is safe in saying that the 
quadroon is nearly always — say in 90 p.c. of cases — whiter than even the yellow mulatto. Pwe 
white skins do not occur in quadroons. This statement is dogmatic and true." 
The next question I asked related to the cross {LD) x (DD). 
(3) Mulatto X negro. Is this a blend rather darker than the mulatto or 
not ? Theory would say that 50 p.c. of the offspring were mulattos and 50 p.c. 
negroes in skin colour. 
Answer. "The mulatto x negro crosses produce what is here termed the 'Sambo,' a deep 
mahogany brown and they produce nothing else. They do not produce mulattos and they do 
not produce negroes. The Sambo type is very distinct, and there is, as far as my experience 
goes, no reversion either to the white or black races. 1 have never seen a single case of 
reversion to either mulatto or negro." 
Fig. (vi) shows a Sambo girl of the rather lighter type. The colour is well 
shown in the hands (not in photograph) which are of a rich chocolate tint, and 
could not be mistaken for black. Figs, (vii) and (viii) give a Sambo girl darker 
than the average type, but no one with experience would mistake this girl for a 
negress. 
The following pedigree is an example of the range found in a Sambo sibship : 
S (Mulatto) X $ (Negress) 
? ? ■ 6 ? 6 9 
(Paler (Very dark (Very dark (Dark _ (Pure (Paler 
mahogany) but plainly but plainly mahogany) ~ Negro) mahogany) 
not a negress) not a negro) |_ J 
(Recognisable as not 
pure negro) 
The colour range here is from something rather darker than the mulatto to 
something rather less dark than the negro. In this case the range of colour is 
fairly wide, and it is open to those whom it pleases to divide this or any other 
family into two halves, containing the lighter and darker members respectively. 
The difficulty of such a classification is that the dark mahogany members are 
quite distinct from negroes and the paler mahogany from mulattos. 
