172 
Miscellanea 
TABLE I. 
Correlations iviih Age. 
Characters 
Maze I 
Maze II 
Maze III 
No. of bumps and age 
Time taken and age 
Inverse product and age 
- -587 ± -059 
- -241 ± -085 
+ -402 ± -076 
- -532 d= -065 
+ -003 ± -090 
+ -317 ± -081 
- -549 ± -063 
+ -152 ± -088 
+ -467 ± -071 
No. of bumps and age for constant time 
taken 
Time taken and asje for No. of bumps 
constant 
- -607 ± -057 
- -336 d= -080 
- -539 ± -064 
- -101 ± -089 
- -542 ± -064 
- -112 i -089 
This table shows at once a very considerable relationship between age and the number of 
bumps made: the steadiness of hand increases with age. On the other hand in the case of Mazes II 
and III no relationship between age and time taken was demonstrated ; in Blaze I, however, there 
was possibly a slight relationship between time taken and age, of the opposite sense, however, to 
the insignificant values in Mazes II and III, i.e. the lower the age the longer the time taken; this 
is not improbably due to the novelty factor involved in Maze I. On the whole we may reasonably 
conclude that the relation between time taken and age is not important. Confirmation of this 
arises in the case of the inverse product measure of efficiency and age. The efficiency increases 
with age, but because it includes time is not so marked as in the factor of bumps alone. The two 
remaining correlations indicate what happens if we eliminate respectively tlie influence of time 
taken and number of bumps. We hardly improve the relation between the number of bumps and 
age, if we make the time taken constant. On the other hand we get one significant but small 
correlation and two insignificant correlations, but all three are now of the same sign if we measure 
the relation between time taken and age for constant number of bumps. It is thus possible that 
there is a veiy slight relation between time taken and age — rapidity slightly increasing with age 
for a given degree of steadiness of hand. Tliis leads us to the dii-ect problem of the relationship 
lietwccn rapidity and steadiness of liand. 
TABLE n. 
Cnrrehifions of Enpidilij and Stead iness. 
Maze I 
Maze II 
Maze III 
No. of bumps and time taken 
No. of bumps and time takcii for coTistant age 
No. of bumps and time taken for time learnt 
constant 
- -052 ± -090 
- -246 + -085 
- -070 ± -090 
- 165 ± -088 
- -193-1- -087 
- -164 ± -088 
- -432 ± -073 
- -422 4^ -074 
- .444 ± -072 
Without regard to age, it is only in the case of Maze III that we can assert that the number of 
humps increases inversely with the time taken. Allowing for age the associations are more marked, 
))ut by no means as intense as we had anticipated. Further they seem to be dependent on the 
difficulty of the maze — i.e. the harder the maze the closer the relationship. A 'priori one might 
imagine that a slow transit would escape bumps — it is so, but not in a very emphatic manner. We 
suggest that a certain degree of rapidity is rea]ly helpful in avoiding bumps; it l^^^eps a straight 
course in the straighter parts of the mazes, while it is rapidity at the angles which is calculated to 
pi'oduce bumps. There are proljably therefore two factors at work. 
We can now tiu-n to the question of individuality in maze-tracing. We find the following 
correlations: 
