Miscellanea 
173 
TABLE III. 
Ivdividiialitij in Ma~e-Descripfinii . 
Correlations 
Mazes I and II 
Mazes I and III 
Mazes II and III 
No. of bumps 
Time taken 
Inverse product 
+ -754 + -039 
+ -594 + -058 
+ -703 ± -046 
+ -761 ± -029 
+ -436 + -073 
+ -661 ± -051 
+ -876 ± -021 
+ -807 dz -030 
+ -695 dz -047 
No. of bumps, age constant 
Time taken, age constant 
Inverse product, age constant ... 
+ -044 ± -053 
+ ■613 dz -066 
+ -663 ± -05] 
+ -648 ± -052 
+ -493 ± -068 
+ -585 + -059 
+ -826 ± -029 
+ -816 ± -030 
+ -652 dz -052 
These are very noteworthy correlations and it is evident that there is a very marked degree of 
individuality in maze performances, whether we judge steadiness, rapidity or the combination of 
both involved in the inverse product measure of efficiency'. These high correlations it is true are 
lessened, but still large, if we allow for age*. The existence of this marked individuality brings us 
then to our main problem. Are steadiness and rapidity of hand — which to an appreciable extent 
increase during childhood — products of training, i.e. of environment, or innate characters develop- 
ing with age? 
(4) How far docs the length of time during which drawing has been learnt influence the 
rapidity and steadiness of hand in maze-tracing? The correlations are provided in the accompany- 
ing table. 
TABLE IV. 
Influence of Time Learnt on Steadiness and Rapidit;/ of Hand. 
Correlations 
Maze I 
Maze II 
Maze III 
No. of bumps and time learnt ... 
Time taken and time learnt 
Inverse product and time learnt 
- -216 d- -086 
- -077 d: -090 
d- -1.51 dz -088 
- •286 d- -083 
+ -029 d- -090 
+ -272 d: -084 
- -209 dz •08(i 
- -010 dz -090 
+ -287 ± -083 
No. of bumps and time learnt for constant age 
Time taken and time learnt for constant age . . . 
Inverse product and time learnt foi' constant age 
+ -132 ± -089 
d- -053 d: -090 
- -066 d: -090 
- -008 dz -090 
+ -032 + -090 
-1- -137 zt -088 
+ -089 + -089 
- -102 zh -089 
+ -067 dz -090 
Thus while there is no sensible correlation between rapidity of hand and time during which 
drawing has been learnt, the small amount of correlation between steadiness of hand and time 
learnt disappears when we take these correlations for constant age. As far as this material is 
concerned, we see that steadiness and rapidity of hand are not the result of drawing practice, 
but are probably innate characteristics developing with age. This result is so important that it 
needs of course independent verificai ion, but if true its suggestiveness is great. Fo7- crafts i?i ivhich 
these characteristics are essential, they can better be obtained by selection than bi/ training. 
We have endeavoured to throw further light on this point by approaching the subject from 
other standpoints. The correlation between age and time learnt is d- 5051 dz -0671, and it may be 
argued that time learnt in the early years of life is not of very great importance, and that this 
possibly accounts for the correlation being rather low. We accordingly confined our attention to 
the 33 children who did not learn drawing before 10 years of age. The correlation of age and time 
learnt now rises to + -8555 dz -03151. We then dealt only with steadiness of hand, and took as 
* The correlations of times taken are increased not lessened, but we have already drawn attention to 
some irregularity in the relationship of age and time taken. 
f This is only very shghtly lowered if we confine our attention to children who make the same total 
number of bumps, i.e. age and time learnt for constant steadiness of hand is d- -8254 dz '0374. 
V 
