Miscellanea 
175 
rapidity of hand to be innate. The influence of age on craft is not significant, but age seems to 
weaken imagination, i.e. the younger children are more imaginative in their drawing work. If we 
turn to the partial correlations we see, however, the bearing of these results. For a constant age 
imagination is moderately influenced by the time learnt; but for a constant amount of training it 
depreciates more markedly with age. The result is that there is no apparent relation of imagination 
to training. The diminution of the innate character with age is really more influential than its 
growth with training. Again for constant age there is a ver^' moderate influence of training on 
craftsmanship, but for a constant time learnt craft diminishes with age*. The result again is 
that innate change with age masters training, and unless training is persistent, good craft will 
lessen, so that the correlation with age is either negative or insensible. The small influence of 
time learnt on these factors of drawing efficiency is remarkable, and it is highly suggestive to see 
that in certain characters training may only suffice to prevent deterioration, and does not provide 
a marked expansion of efficiency. 
We may now turn to the influence of imagination and craft on the steadiness and rapidity of 
hand exhibited in maze-tracing. 
TABLE VI. 
Influence of Craft and J maginaiion on Steadiness and Rapiditj/ of Hand. 
Characters 
Maze I 
Maze II 
Maze III 
Good imagination and no. of bumps 
Good imagination and time taken 
Good craft and no. of bumps 
Good craft and time taken 
-1- -239 ±-109 
+ -005 ± -11.5 
- -163 ± -113 
+ -500 ± -093 
+ -187 ± -109 
+ -029 ± -114 
- -109 ± -114 
+ -104 ± -114 
+ -252 ± -109 
+ -167 ± -112 
- -039 ± -115 
- -308 ± -107 
Good imagination and no. of bumps for 
constant age 
Good imagination and time taken for con- 
stant age 
Good craft and no. of bumps for constant 
age 
Good craft and time taken for constant 
age 
- -059 ± [-090]! 
- -130 ± [-089] 
- -272 ± [-084] 
+ -494 i [-068] 
- -092 ± [-089] 
+ -035 ± [-090] 
- -189 ± [-087] 
+ -104 ± [-089] 
- -014 ± [-090] 
+ -277 ± [-083] 
- -110 ± [-089] 
- -298 ± [-082] 
Now these results are of much interest and suggesti\ e for further inquiry as soon as we are able 
to deal with much larger numbers. In the correlation uncorrected for age there would appear to be 
slight relation between good imagination and a large number of bumps, but it is only because the 
younger students are more imaginative. Corrected for age the correlations are all reversed, but 
are seen to be of no significance. Good imagination and time taken cannot be considered to have 
significant relationship either before or after correction for age. Thus the imaginative factor in 
drawing skill is not sensibly associated with rapidity or steadiness of hand. 
With regard to craft there do appear to be significant associations, but they are clearly 
changing with growth of experience in maze-tracing. Uncorrected for age, there is no really 
significant association between good craft and steadiness of hand although the constancy of sio-n 
is to be noted. After correction for age, it would appear probable that a small association exists 
— good craft having the steadier hand. But the relationship appears to be weakening with ex- 
perience and is hardly significant in the third maze. The same change makes itself manifest in the 
time taken. Those with good craft took the longer time in the first maze and there is quite a 
* Miss DalgUesh reports that she judged of the craft capacity of lier pupils quite apart from their 
age or technical ability. Thus given two children of 9 and 16 years of age whom she had rated witli the 
same grade of craft capacity, the elder child would (if teachable) be doing the better drawin"- work, 
having had as a rule longer training. But this increased technical power was not regarded in the craft 
grading. 
t See second footnote, p. 174. 
