17(3 
Miscellanea 
sensible degree of correlation; in the second maze the correlation is insensible, while in the third 
it has become negative. In other words in the third maze good craft has begun to tell. It would 
require far more material and prolonged experiment to be certain how far it is the hesitation of the 
good craftsman over a novel task (Maze I) or the greater difficulty of the third maze which has 
told in the favour of good craft in that case. All we can assert is that within the small range of our 
experiment the slight relation of good craft to steadiness of hand appears to decrease, while the 
relationship of good craft to rapidity of hand is only beginning to develop in the third experiment, 
and is then not of any substantial intensity. We have already seen that there is only a small 
association of good craft and time learnt, about enough to allow for the deterioration of craft 
with age. Hence the slight relationship suggested between good craft and rapidity of hand is not 
necessarily an argument in favour of such rapidity arising from training, it may well be the result 
of an association of the innate characters. 
(6) The remark at the end of the last section leads us directly to the problem of whether other 
qualities than those of draughtsmanship can be directly associated with steadiness and rapidity 
of hand. A priori we think there is much to be said for both mathematical and musical capacity 
being innate*. The former except in the case of geometrical drawing gives small training for the 
hand, but it does enable the owner of the capacity to realise more or less vividly a conception of 
the desired perfect maze description. On the other hand music not only gives much finger practice, 
but in the case of special ability probably signifies an inherited flexibility of hand. In our division 
of the material we have made only two classes — those of the students who possessed marked 
ability in music and in mathematics were sejjarated into small classes from the remainder — the 
mediocre, the non-mathematical and the non-musical. We then applied the biserial method. 
TABLE VII. 
Aasociation of Mathematical and Musical Capacity tvitli Steadiness and 
Rainditij of Hand. 
Characteristics 
Maze I 
Maze II 
Maze III 
Mathematical capacity and no. of bumps 
Musical capacity and no. of bumps 
Mathematical capacity and time taken ... 
Musical capacity and time taken 
- -112 ± -139 
- -091 ± -170 
- -608 ± -106 
- -303 ± -162 
- -216 ± -136 
- -042 + -170 
- -390 d= -126 
- -233 ± - 165 
- -136 ± -138 
- -088 ± -170 
- -214 ± -135 
- -029 ± -170 
Mathematical capacity and no. of bumps 
for constant age 
Musical capacity and no. of bumps for 
constant age 
Mathematical capacity and time taken for 
constant age 
Musical capacity and time taken for con- 
stant age 
- -012 ± [-090] 
- -042 ± [-090] 
- -592 ± [-059] 
- -290 ± [-083] 
- -148 ± [-088] 
+ -012 ± [-090] 
- -396 ± [-076] 
- -234 ± [-085] 
- -049 ± [-090] 
- -042 ± [-090] 
- -237 ± [-085] 
- -046 ± [-090] 
Now none of the correlations of mathematiccil or niusicctl capacity with steadiness of hand are 
in themselves significant, but as all six of them are of the same sign, we may possibly assert a 
slender absolute relation between both and steadiness of hand above the average. On the other 
hand the rapidity of hand shows at first definite and in the case of mathematics marked relation- 
ship at first with both mathematical and musical capacity. But this relationship seems rapidly to 
* The correlation of mathematical capacity with age was -f -175 ± -137 and of musical capacity with 
^ge -1- -098 dz -169, which are satisfactory as showing that the teachers really judged capacity and not 
Imowledge; they are as far as they go also some evidence for mathematical and musical capacity also 
being innate characteristics. Direct evidence for the hereditary character of musical capacity may be 
found of course in the pedigree of the Bach family. It is less demonstrated in the case of mathematics, 
but the Gregories might be cited, and possibly one or two recent instances will occur to those familiar 
with the Cambridge Tripos Lists. 
