148 Biometric Constants of English Brain-iveights 
TABLE XXI. 
Special Individual Heads. 
Characters 
DEiite 
Bentham 
p 
L 
188 
192 
191 
Ij ... ... 
1 "in 
1 o\j 
1.5 
3 
150 
ir 
xz ... ... 
12 
6* 
135 
u 
525 
560 
555 
Age 
56 
85 
47 
Stature 
164 cms. 
Mean (?) 
71" 
At 56 years 
At 85 years 
At 49 years 
At 47 years 
Probable Brain-weight (i) 
1244 
1272 
1351 
1353 
(ii) 
1240 
1314 
1328 
(ill) 
12.56 
1307 
1329 
(iv) 
1202 
1345 
1324 
The average English brain-weight for a " General Hospital Population " of the 
mean age of 49 years is 1328 grs. It is therefore clear that P.'s brain-weight is 
essentially medincre. The great Bentham could have had a brain-weight which at 
the mean age was at most only a few grammes above the normal. This corresponds 
exactly to the general mediocrity which has been already noticed in Bentham's 
physical measurements f. As for Dante his probable brain-weight was 80 to 90 grs. 
below that of tlie mean of the English General Hospital Population, and this 
corresponds well with the observed skull capacity. If the reputed skull were really 
Dante's we are forced to conclude either (i) that there are most striking individual 
exceptions to any rule that extreme ability is associated with lai'ge brain-weight, or 
(ii) that it is impossible to apply the formulae deduced from one race to determine 
the brain-weight of a member of a second. As the present paper and Pearl's 
memoir both show that at least (ii) is true we may at once reject (a) any intra- 
i-acial reconstruction formula used inter-racially, and (b) any demonstration of 
the association of great intellectual power with large brain-weight, Avhich is 
based on lists of the brain-weights of distinguished men of all nations, clubbed 
together without any regard to age, stature, or race, and compared with the 
mean brain-weight of a General Hospital Population. 
We think, therefore, that the above formulae should be confined to English 
persons. That if they are to be applied to any other race the mean values of w, 
P, U, A, and S, say w, P, U, A, and S, should be adopted for that race. The 
fundamental formulae (i) then become : 
* Formulae are calculated for H measured from centre of auricular orifices, and OH in loc. cit. was 
from the top. 
t Biometrika, Vol. iii. p. 394. 
